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Thermodynamics An Interactive Approach 1st edition Subrata Bhattacharjee - Solutions
A mass of 1.5 kg of air at 160 kPa and 15oC is contained in a gas-tight, frictionless piston-cylinder device. The air is now compressed to a final pressure of 650 kPa. During the process heat is transferred from the air such that the temperature inside the cylinder remains constant. Calculate the
In the above problem determine. (a) The change of entropy of the air. (b) The entropy transferred into the atmosphere at 10°C. (c) The entropy generation in the system's universe during the compression process.
A piston-cylinder device contains 0.1 kg of a gas (PG model: c_v = 10.18, k = 1.4, R= 4.12 kJ/kg-K) at 1000 kPa and 300 K. The gas undergoes an isothermal (constant temperature) expansion process to a final pressure of 500 kPa. (a) Determine the boundary work. (b) The heat transfer. (c) If heat is
Nitrogen at an initial state of 80oF, 25 psia and 6 ft3 is pressed slowly in an isothermal process to a final pressure of 110 psia. Determine. The work done during the process.
An insulated piston-cylinder device contains 0.04 m3 of steam at 300 kPa and 200oC. Steam is now compressed in a reversible manner to a pressure of 1 MPa. Calculate the work done?
Air at 20oC, 95 kPa is compressed in a piston-cylinder device of volume 1 L in a frictionless and adiabatic manner. If the volumetric compression ratio is 10, determine(a) The final temperature.(b) The boundary work transfer. Use the PG model for air.
Nitrogen at 300 K, 100 kPa is compressed in a piston-cylinder device of volume 1 m3 in a frictionless and adiabatic manner. If the volumetric compression ratio is 15, determine.(a) The final pressure.(b) The boundary work transfer. Use the PG model.
Solve the previous problem,5-1-46[BVM], using the IG model.Previous problem,5-1-46Nitrogen at 300 K, 100 kPa is compressed in a piston-cylinder device of volume 1 m3 in a frictionless and adiabatic manner. If the volumetric compression ratio is 15, determine.(a) The final pressure.(b) The boundary
A piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.1 m3 of N2 at 100 kPa and 300 K. Determine the work transfer involved in compressing the gas to one-fifth of its original volume in an (a) Isothermal.(b) Isentropic.(c) Isobaric manner. Show the process on a p-v diagram.
A piston-cylinder device initially contains 10 ft3 of argon gas at 25 psia and 70oF. Argon is now compressed in a polytropic process (pVn = constant) to 70 psia and 300oF. Determine (a) If the process is 1: reversible, 2: impossible or 3: irreversible.(b) Also determine the change of entropy for
A block of solid of mass 2 kg is heated from 300 K to a final temperature of 550 K by transferring 50 kJ of heat from a reservoir at 1000 K. Determine (a) The specific heat (c) of the solid (b) The entropy generation in the universe due to this heating process.
Air is compressed in a frictionless manner in an adiabatic piston-cylinder device from an initial volume of 1000 cc to the final volume of 100 cc. If the initial conditions are 100 kPa, 300 K.(a) What is the temperature (in K) right after the compression?.(b) Determine the change in internal energy
0.5 kg of air is compressed to 1/10th its original volume in a piston cylinder device in an isentropic manner. If the original volume of the piston is 0.5 m3, molar mass of air is 29 kg/kmol, and k=1.4, determine the final density. Use the PG model for air.
Steam at 100 kPa 200oC is compressed to a pressure of 1 MPa in an isentropic manner. Determine the final temperature in Celsius using (a) The PC model. (b) The PG model with k = 1.327.
A piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.8 kg of O2 at 100 kPa and 27oC. It is now compressed in a polytrophic process (pV1.3 = constant) to half the original volume. Determine (a) The change of entropy for the system.(b) Entropy transfer to the surroundings (at 27oC).(c) The entropy generated
A piston-cylinder device contains 0.1 kg of hydrogen gas (PG model: c_v = 10.18, k = 1.4, R= 4.12 kJ/kg-K) at 1000 kPa and 300 K. The gas undergoes an expansion process and the final conditions are 500 kPa, 270 K. If 10 kJ of heat is transferred into the gas from the surroundings at 300 K,
Nitrogen at 300 K, 100 kPa is compressed in a piston-cylinder device of volume 1 m3 in a polytrophic manner. If the volumetric compression ratio is 15 and the final pressure after compression is measured as 3000 kPa, determine.(a) The boundary work transfer (WB).(b) The entropy generated during the
A cylinder fitted with a piston has an initial volume of 0.1 m3 and contains nitrogen at 100 kPa, 25oC. The piston is moved, compressing the nitrogen until the pressure is 1.5 MPa and the temperature is 200oC. During this compression process heat is transferred from nitrogen to the atmosphere at
A rubber ball of mass m is dropped from a height h on a rigid floor. It bounces back and forth and finally comes to rest on the floor. What is the entropy generation in the universe due to this irreversible phenomenon? Assume the atmospheric temperature to be T0.
A piston-cylinder device contains 40 kg of water at 150 kPa and 30oC. The cross-sectional area of the piston is 0.1 m2. Heat is now added causing part of the water to evaporate. When the volume reaches 0.2 m3, the piston reaches a linear spring with a spring constant of 120 kN/m. More heat is added
A piston-cylinder device contains 40 kg of water at 150 kPa and 30oC. The cross-sectional area of the piston is 0.1 m2. Heat is now added causing part of the water to evaporate. When the volume reaches 0.2 m3, the piston reaches a spring with a constant spring constant. More heat is added until the
A block of aluminum with m = 0.5 kg, T = 20oC is dropped into a reservoir at a temperature 90oC. Calculate (a) The change in stored energy. (b) The amount of heat transfer. (c) The change in entropy. (d) The amount of entropy transfer by heat. (e) The entropy generation in the system's universe
If the heat addition takes place from a source at 500oC during the entire process in the above problem, determine.(a) The change of entropy of the steam.(b) Entropy transfer from the source.(c) Entropy generated in the universe during the process.
A piston-cylinder device contains 1 m3 of N2 at 100 kPa and 300 K (atmospheric conditions).(a) Determine the mass of N2(in kg). The trapped N2 is now rapidly compressed (adiabatically) with negligible friction (reversibly) to one eighth its original volume. Determine.(b) The temperature.(c)
A mass of 10 kg of saturated liquid-vapor mixture of R-12 is contained in a piston-cylinder device at 0oC. Initially half of the mixture is in the liquid phase. Heat is now transferred, and the piston, which is resting on a stop-ring, starts moving when the pressure reaches 500 kPa. Heat transfer
An insulated cylinder with a frictionless piston contains 10 L of CO2 at ambient conditions, 100 kPa and 20oC. A force is now applied on the piston, compressing the gas until it reaches a set of stops, at which point the cylinder volume is 1 L. The insulation is now removed from the walls, and the
A piston-cylinder device with a set of stops contains 12 kg of refrigerant- 134a. Initially 9 kg of refrigerant is in the liquid form, and the temperature is -12oC. Now heat is transferred from the atmosphere at 25oC to the refrigerant until the piston hits the stop, at which point the volume is
A piston-cylinder device has a ring to limit the expansion stroke. Initially, the mass of air is 2 kg at 500 kPa, 30oC. Heat is now transferred until the piston touches the stop, at which point the volume is twice the original volume. More heat is transferred until the pressure inside also doubles.
An insulated container contains a block of ice of mass 1 ton (US) (1 US ton is 907.2 kg) at -20oC. The insulation is removed, and the ice gradually melts to water and comes to thermal equilibrium with the surroundings at 20°C. Assuming the pressure to remain constant at 100 kPa, determine the heat
Three alternative processes shown in the accompanying figure are suggested to change the state of one kg of air from 0.8 MPa, 25°C (state-1) to 0.3 MPa, 60°C (state-5). Process 1-2-5 consists of a constant pressure expansion followed by a constant volume cooling, process 1-3-5 an isothermal
An aluminum (Al) block of mass 2000 kg is heated from a temperature of 25oC. Using the SL Simulator RIA (linked from left margin). Determine the final temperature (T2) of the block if the heat input is 300 MJ. What-if Scenario: How would the answer change if the block were made of silver (Ag)?
A 0.8 m3 rigid tank initially contains refrigerant-134a in the saturated vapor form at 0.9 MPa. As a result of heat transfer from refrigerant, the pressure drops to 250 kPa. Determine (a) The final temperature.(b) The amount of refrigerant that condenses.(c) The heat transfer.
A rigid tank of volume 50 m3 contains superheated steam at 100 kPa, 200oC. The tank is allowed to cool down to the atmospheric temperature of 10oC. Determine (a) The final pressure. (b) The heat transfer. (c) The change in entropy of steam. (d) The entropy generation in the tank's universe.
A rigid tank of volume 10 m3 contains superheated steam at 1 MPa and 400oC. Due to heat loss to the outside atmosphere, the tank gradually cools down to the atmospheric temperature of 25oC. Determine (a) The heat transfer. (b) The entropy generated in the system's universe during this cooling
An insulated rigid tank is divided into two equal parts by a membrane. At the beginning, one part contains 3 kg of nitrogen at 500 kPa and 50oC, and the other part is completely evacuated. The membrane is punctured and the gas expands into the entire tank. Determine the final.(a) Temperature.(b)
Two tanks are connected by a valve and line. The volumes are both 1 m3 with R-134a at 21oC, quality 25% in tank A and tank B is evacuated. The valve is opened and saturated vapor flows from A to B until the pressure became equal. The process occurs slowly enough that all temperatures stay at 21oC
A tank whose volume is unknown is divided into two parts by a partition. One side contains 0.02 m3 of saturated liquid R-12 at 0.7 MPa, while the other side is evacuated. The partition is now removed and R-12 fills up the entire volume. If the final state is 200 kPa, quality 90%, determine.(a) The
Two tanks are connected Part A tank is having 0.5 m3 containing hydrogen at 40oC, 200 kPa is connected to Part B tank having 1 m3 rigid tank containing hydrogen at 20oC, 600 kPa. The valve is opened and the system is allowed to reach thermal equilibrium with the surroundings at 15oC. Determine.(a)
Two rigid tanks are connected by a valve. Tank A contains 0.4 m3 of water at 330 kPa and 90 percent quality. Tank B contains 0.5 m3 of water at 250 kPa and 250oC. The valve is now opened, and the two tanks eventually come to equilibrium while exchanging heat with the surroundings at 25oC.
Two insulated tanks are connected, both containing H2O. Tank-A is at 200 kPa, v = 0.4 m3/kg, V = 1 m3 and tank B contains 3.5 kg at 0.5 MPa, 400oC. The valve is now opened and the two come to a uniform state. Find.(a) The final pressure.(b) Temperature.(c) The entropy generated by the mixing
Two rigid tanks are connected by a valve as shown in the accompanying figure. Tank A is insulated and contains 0.1 m3 of steam at 500 kPa and 90% quality. Tank B is uninsulated and contains 2 kg of steam at 100 kPa and 300oC. The valve is now opened, and steam flows from tank A to tank B. As the
Two rigid tanks are connected by a valve. Tank A contains 1 m3 of air at 1 MPa, 200oC. Tank B contains 3 m3 of air at 100 kPa, 25oC. The valve is now opened, and air flows from tank A to tank B. Before the two gases comes to mechanical equilibrium, the valve is closed. After a sufficient time, air
An insulated tank containing 0.5 m3 of R-134a at 500 kPa and 90% quality is connected to an initially evacuated insulated piston-cylinder device as shown in the accompanying figure. The force balance on the piston is such that a pressure of 200 kPa is required to lift the piston. Now the valve is
In the above problem.Determine the entropy generated during the expansion process.
An insulated rigid tank of volume 1 m3 is separated into two chambers by a membrane. One chamber contains 1 kg of saturated liquid water at 100 kPa while the other chamber is completely evacuated. The membrane is punctured and water expands to occupy the entire tank. Determine the final.(a)
A rigid, well insulated tank consists of two compartments, each having a volume of 1.5 m3, separated by a valve. Initially, one of the compartments is evacuated and the other contains nitrogen gas at 700 kPa and 100oC. The valve is opened and the nitrogen expands to fill the total volume,
An insulated cylinder is divided into two parts of 1 m3 each by a membrane. Side A has air at 200 kPa, 25oC, and side B has air at 1 MPa, 1000oC. The membrane is punctured so air comes to a uniform temperature. Determine.(a) Final pressure and temperature.(b) The entropy generated in this process.
A rigid tank has two compartments, one 500 times larger than the other. The smaller part contains 2 kg of compressed liquid water at 1 MPa and 25oC, while the other part is completely evacuated. The partition is now removed, and the water expands to fill the entire tank. Heat transfer with the
An insulated rigid tank has two compartments, one 100 times larger than the other. The smaller part contains 2 kg of compressed liquid water at 400 kPa and 50oC, while the other part is completely evacuated. The partition is now removed, and the water expands to fill the entire tank. Determine. (a)
A tank whose volume is unknown is divided into two parts by a partition. One side contains 0.02 m3 of saturated liquid R-12 at 0.7 MPa, while the other side is evacuated. The partition is now removed, and R-12 fills up the entire volume. If the final state is 200 kPa, 30oC. Determine.(a) The volume
Four ice cubes (3 cm * 2 cm * 1 cm) at -15oC are added to an insulated glass of cola at 15oC. The volume of cola is 1.5 L. Determine.(a) The equilibrium temperature.(b) And the total entropy change for this process.
A 40 kg aluminum block at 90oC is dropped into an insulated tank that contains 0.5 m3 of liquid water at 20oC. Determine the equilibrium temperature.
In the problem described above, determine the entropy generated during the process.
A 25 kg aluminum block initially at 225oC is brought into contact with a 25 kg block of iron at 150oC in an insulating enclosure. Determine. (a) The equilibrium temperature. (b) And the total entropy change for this process.
A half kg bar of iron, initially at 782oC, is removed from an oven and quenched by immersing it in a closed tank containing 10 kg of water initially at 21oC. Heat transfer from the tank can be neglected. Determine. (a) The equilibrium temperature. (b) And the total entropy change for this process.
A 15 kg block of copper at 100oC is dropped into an insulated tank that contains 1 m3 of liquid water at 20oC. Determine. (a) The equilibrium temperature. (b) The entropy generated in this process.
An unknown mass of iron at 80oC is dropped into an insulated tank that contains 0.1 m3 of liquid water at 20oC. Meanwhile, a paddle wheel driven by a 200 W motor is used to stir the water. When equilibrium is reached after 20 min, the final temperature is 25oC. Determine The mass of the iron block.
An insulated rigid tank is initially evacuated. A valve is opened and air at 100 kPa and 25oC enters the tank until the pressure in the tank reaches 100 kPa when the valve is closed. Determine the final temperature of the air in the tank. Use the PG model.
An insulated piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.01 m3 of steam at 200°C. The force on the piston is such that it maintains a constant pressure of 400 kPa inside. A valve is then opened and steam at 1 MPa, 200°C is allowed to enter the cylinder until the volume inside increases to 0.04
An insulated piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.2 m3 of R-134a, half (by volume) of which is in the vapor phase. The mass of the piston maintains a constant pressure of 200 kPa inside. A valve is then opened and all the liquid refrigerant is allowed to escape. Determine (a) The mass of
A 0.5 m3 tank initially contains saturated liquid water at 200oC. A valve in the bottom of the tank is opened and half the liquid is drained. Heat is transferred from a source at 300oC to maintain constant temperature inside the tank. Determine.The heat transfer.
In the problem described above, determine the entropy generated in the system's universe during the discharge.
A 0.2 ft3 pressure cooker has an operating pressure of 40 psia. Initially, 50% of the volume is filled with vapor and the rest with liquid water. Determine.The heat transfer necessary to vaporize all the water in the cooker.What-if scenario: What would the heat transfer be if initially 20% of the
In the problem described above, determine the entropy generated during the process if the volume of the tank is 2 m3.
A 3 m3 tank initially contains air at 100 kPa and 25oC. The tank is connected to a supply line at 550 kPa and 25oC. The valve is opened, and air is allowed to enter the tank until the pressure in the tank reaches the line pressure, at which point the valve is closed. A thermometer placed in the
An insulated rigid tank is initially evacuated. It is then connected through a valve to a supply line that carries steam at 2 MPa and 350oC. The valve is then opened, and steam is allowed to flow slowly into the tank until the pressure reaches 2 MPa, at which point the valve is closed. Determine
A completely evacuated, insulated, rigid tank with a volume of 8 m3 is filled from a steam line transporting steam at 450oC and 3.5 MPa. Determine(a) The temperature of steam in the tank when its pressure reaches 3.5 MPa. Also find.(b) The mass of the steam that flows into the tank.
A 0.2 m3 tank initially contains R-12 at 1 MPa and x = 1. The tank is charged to 1.2 MPa, x = 0 from a supply line that carries R-12 at 1.5 MPa and 30oC. Determine (a) The final temperature.(b) The heat transfer.
In the charging process described above, determine.(a) The change of entropy of refrigerant in the tank.(b) The entropy generation by the device and its surroundings. Assume the surrounding temperature to be 50oC.
A 0.5 m3 rigid tank initially contains refrigerant-134a at 0.8 MPa and 100 percent quality. The tank is connected by a valve to a supply line that carries refrigerant- 134a at 1.5 MPa and 30oC. Then the valve is opened and the refrigerant is allowed to enter the tank. The valve is closed when it is
A piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.1 m3 of steam at 200°C. The force on the piston is such that it maintains a constant pressure of 400 kPa inside. Due to heat rejection to the ambient air, the temperature of the steam drops down to 25°C. To restore the steam temperature to its
A crane lifts a 1000-kg load vertically up at a speed of 0.5 m/s. Assuming no destruction of energy, determine (a) The rate at which energy is transferred into the system (load) and (b) The rate of change of energy (dΦ/dt) of the system.
A rigid tank contains 1 kg carbon dioxide at 500 kPa and 200oC. Heat at a rate of 5 kW is transferred into the tank from a source at 200oC. Determine (a) the rate of energy transfer from the heating source, (b) the rate of increase of temperature and (c) the rate of energy of the carbon dioxide in
A cylinder of an internal combustion engine contains 3000 cm3 of gaseous products at a pressure of 10 bars and a temperature of 800oC just before the exhaust valve opens. Determine: (a) The specific energy (ɸ) of the gas and (b) The energy stored (Φ) in the cylinder. Model the combustion
A 1 m3 tank contains air (use the IG model). (a) Plot how the total stored energy (E) and total stored energy (Φ) of air in the tank change as the pressure is increased from 10 kPa to 10 MPa with temperature held constant at 25oC. (Assume atmospheric conditions to be 100 kPa, 25oC). (b) Repeat the
Determine: (a) the energy (Φ) of air at 150oC, 50 kPa in a 2m3 storage tank. (b) What-if Scenario: What would the energy be if the tank were filled with steam instead?
A granite rock (ρ = 2700 kg/m3, specific heat = 0.79 kJ/kg-K) with m = 5000 kg, heats up to T = 45oC during daytime due to solar heating. Assuming the surroundings to be at 20oC, determine (a) the maximum amount of useful work (W) that could be extracted from the rock. What-if Scenario: What
Steam at 1 MPa, 500oC flows through a 10-cm-diameter pipe with a velocity of 25 m/s. Determine the rate of (a) energy (Ψ⋅) transported by the flow. Use the PC model and assume atmospheric conditions to be 100 kPa and 25oC. (b) What-if Scenario: What would the rate of energy be if the IG model
A 20-cm-diameter pipe carries water at 500 kPa, 25oC and 30 m/s. (a) Determine the flow rate of energy (Ψ⋅) through the pipe. Assume atmospheric conditions to be 100 kPa and 25oC. Use the SL model for water and neglect ke. (b) What-if Scenario: What would the flow rate of energy be if the
A closed system operating at steady state receives 5000 kW of heat from a source at 1500 K, produces 2000 kW of useful power and rejects the remaining heat into the atmosphere. Determine the rate at which energy (a) Enters and (b) Leaves the system. Assume the atmospheric temperature to be 300 K.
Heat is transferred from a TER at 1500 K to a TER (thermal energy reservoir) at 400 K at a rate of 10 kW. If the atmospheric temperature is 300 K, determine the rate at which energy (a) leaves the TER at higher temperature and (b) Enters the TER at lower temperature. (c) How do you explain the
Heat is transferred from a TER at 1500 K to a TER at 500 K at a rate of 5 kW. Determine the rate at which energy (a) Leaves the high-temperature TER, (b) Enters the low-temperature TER and (c) Is destroyed in the thermodynamic universe. Assume the atmospheric temperature to be 300 K.
A closed system receives heat at a rate of 2 kW from a source at 1000 K, electrical power at a rate of 2 kW and shaft power at a rate of 2 kW. Determine the net rate of (a) Energy transfer and (b) Energy transfer into the system. (c) What is the maximum possible rate of energy rise in the system?
Three kilograms of water undergo a process from an initial state where the water is saturated vapor at 140oC, the velocity is 40 m/s, and the elevation is 5 m to a final state where the water is saturated liquid at 15oC, the velocity is 25 m/s, and the elevation is 2 m. Determine the energy (Φ) at
A balloon filled with helium at 25oC, 100 kPa and a volume of 0.1 m3 is moving at 10 m/s. The balloon is at an elevation of 1 km relative to an energy reference environment of T0 = 20o, p0 = 100 kPa. Determine the specific energy of helium.
An insulated tank contains 20 kg of liquid water at the ambient condition of 100 kPa and 25oC. An internal electric heater is turned on, which consumes 20 kW of electric power. Determine the rate of change of (a) temperature (dT/dt) and (b) rate of change of energy (dΦ/dt) of the water in the
A rigid tank contains 20 kg of liquid water at 100 kPa and 25oC. Heat at a rate of 10 kW is transferred into the tank from a source at 1000 K. Determine (a) the rate of energy transfer from the heating source, (b) the rate of increase of temperature and (c) the rate of energy change (dΦ/dt) of the
A house is electrically heated with a resistance heater that draws 15 kW of electric power. It maintains the house at a temperature of 20oC while the outside is 5oC. Assuming steady state, determine (a) the reversible power and (b) the rate of irreversibility.
A piston cylinder device initially contains 10 ft3 of helium gas at 25 psia and 40oF. The gas is then compressed in a polytrophic process ( pv1.3= constant) to 70 psia. Determine (a) the minimum work with which this process could be accomplished and (b) second-law efficiency. Assume the
A piston-cylinder device contains 0.1 kg of steam at 1.4 MPa and 290oC. Steam then expands to a final state of 220 kPa and 150oC, doing boundary work. Heat losses from the system to the surroundings are estimated to be 4 kJ during this process. Assume the surroundings to be at 25oC and 100 kPa,
Water initially a saturated liquid at 95oC is contained in a piston-cylinder assembly. The water undergoes a process to the corresponding saturated vapor state, during which the piston moves freely in the cylinder. The change in state is brought about adiabatically by the stirring action of paddle
An insulated piston cylinder device contains 20 L of O2 (use the IG model) at 300 kPa and 100oC. It is then heated for 1 min by a 200 W resistance heater placed inside the cylinder. The pressure of O2 is maintained constant during the process. Determine (a) the change in stored energy (ΔΦ) and
A piston-cylinder device initially contains 20 g of saturated water vapor at 300 kPa. A resistance heater is operated within the cylinder with a current of 0.4 A from a 240 V source until the volume doubles. At the same time a heat loss of 4 kJ occurs. Determine (a) The final temperature (T2),
A piston-cylinder device contains 0.1 kg of steam at 900 kPa and 320oC. Steam then expands to a final state of 180 kPa and 135oC, doing work. Heat losses from the system to the surroundings are estimated to be 4 kJ during this process. Assuming the surroundings to be at 25oC and 100 kPa, determine
Two insulated tanks are connected, both containing H2O. Tank-A is at 200 kPa, v= 0.4 m3/kg, V = 1 m3 and tank B contains 3.5 kg at 0.5 MPa, 400oC. The valve is then opened and the two tanks come to a uniform state. Determine (a) The final pressure (p2), (b) Temperature (T2) and (c)
A 0.5 m3 rigid tank containing hydrogen at 40oC and 200 kPa is connected to another 1 m3 rigid tank containing hydrogen at 20oC and 600 kPa. The valve is opened and the system is allowed to reach thermal equilibrium with the surroundings at 15oC. Determine the irreversibility in this process.
A tank whose volume is unknown is divided into two parts by a partition. One side contains 0.02 m3 of saturated liquid R-12 at 0.7 MPa, while the other side is evacuated. The partition is removed, and R-12 fills up the entire volume. If the final state is 200 kPa and has a quality of 90%. Determine
An insulated rigid tank has two compartments, one 10 times larger than the other, divided by a partition. At the beginning the smaller side contains 4 kg of H2O at 200 kPa, 90oC and the other side is evacuated. The partition is removed and the water expands to a new equilibrium condition.
Heat is conducted steadily through a 5 m x 10 m x 10 cm brick wall of a house. On a certain day, the temperature inside is maintained at 25oC when the temperature outside is -5oC. The temperature of the inner and outer surface of the wall is measured to be 20oC and 0oC respectively. If the rate of
A 40 kg aluminum block at 90oC is dropped into an insulated tank that contains 0.5 m3 of liquid water at 20oC. Determine the irreversibility in the resulting process if the surrounding temperature is 27oC.
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