A rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that causes impairment in functioning and psychological distress, potentially endangering self and others. Paranoid personality disorder: Psychodynamic theory cognitive theory for avoidant personality disorder What is a personality disorder? How do personality disorders affect individuals?

What is a personality disorder?

They impair the sense of self, emotional experience, goals, and capacity for empathy and intimacy. prevalence of Histrionic Personality Disorder How do personality disorders affect individuals? Object-relationships theory for dependent personal personality disorder Paranoid Personality Disorder

How do personality disorders affect individuals?

adolescence or early adulthood When do personality disorders usually become recognizable? Prevalence of obsessive compulsive personality disorder Odd or eccentric behavior group Dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior group

When do personality disorders usually become recognizable?

9% - 13% of all adults Cognitive theory for a dependent personality disorder biological abnormalities of borderline prevalence of personality disorders Freudian explanation for dependent personality disorder

prevalence of personality disorders

Paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders Prevalence of dependent personality disorder biological factors of antisocial Odd or eccentric behavior group prevalence of Histrionic Personality Disorder

Odd or eccentric behavior group

Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders prevalence of schizotypal personality disorders Dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior group Treatments for Paranoid Personality Disorder psychodynamic theory for avoidant

Dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior group

Avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders Anxious or fearful behavior group Avoidant Personality Disorder Freudian theory for obsessive compulsive personality disorder "Odd" Personality Disorders

Anxious or fearful behavior group

Personality disorders

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Psychology - Abnormal Psychology

georgepetenjk Created by 10 mon ago

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relatively unique and long-term patterns of inner experience and outward behavior; flexible, allowing us to learn and adapt to new environments

A rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that causes impairment in functioning and psychological distress, potentially endangering self and others.

They impair the sense of self, emotional experience, goals, and capacity for empathy and intimacy.

adolescence or early adulthood

maladaptive traits are part of the ego or self

9% - 13% of all adults

it is common for a person with a personality disorder to also suffer from another disorder

Paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders

Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders

Avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders

he symptom of the personality disorders overlap each other so much that it can be difficult to distinguish one from another. This lack of agreement has raised concerns about the validity (accuracy) and reliability (consistency) of these categories

display behaviors similar to, but not as extensive as, schizophrenia Behaviors include extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and peculiar ways of thinking and perceiving things Such behaviors leave the person isolated

characterized by deep distrust and suspicion of others. Although inaccurate, the suspicion is usually not "delusional". They are critical of weakness and fault in others, particularly at work They are unable to recognize their own mistakes and are extremely sensitive to criticism They often blame others for the things that go wrong in their lives and they repeatedly bear grudges

0.5% to 3% of adults are believed to experience this disorder, more men than women

traces the pattern back to early interactions with demanding patients

maladaptive assumptions are to blame

few come to treatment willingly and often distrust and rebel against their therapists; making it limited effect and moves slowly

a personality disorder characterized by persistent avoidance of social relationships and little expression of emotion.

<1%

particularly object relations theorists, link schizoid personality disorder to an unsatisfied need for human contact. The parents of those with the disorder are believed to have been unaccepting or abusive of their children

people with schizoid personality disorder suffer from deficiencies in their thinking; their thoughts tend to be vague and empty, and they have trouble scanning the environment for accurate perceptions

social withdrawal prevents most people with this disorder from entering therapy. When therapy is necessary patients are likely to remain emotionally distant from the therapist, seem not to care about treatment, and make limited progress

characterized by a range of interpersonal problems, marked by extreme discomfort in close relationships, odd (even bizarre) ways of thinking, and behavioral eccentricities

2-4%; slightly more males than females

symptoms, conflicted family/psychological disorders in parents, some biological factors like high dopamine

mood disorders, especially depression, and schizophrenia

more commonly diagnosed; behaviors are so dramatic, emotional, or erratic that it is almost impossible for them to have relationships that are truly giving and satisfying

"psychopaths" or "sociopaths," people with antisocial personality disorder persistently disregard and violate others' rights

18+

conduct disorder

liars, reckless, impulsive, cruel, aggressive, violent, sadistic, with little regard for other individuals, substance abuse

2 to 3.5%

men are 4x as likely

absence of parental love, leading to a lack of basic trust

antisocial symptoms may be learned through modeling or unintentional reinforcement

people with the disorder hold attitudes that trivialize the importance of other peoples needs ("you are nothing; I am everything")

Lower levels of serotonin, impacting impulsivity and aggression Deficient functioning in the frontal lobes of the brain Lower levels of anxiety and arousal (amygdala), leading them to be more likely than others to take risks and seek thrills

Treatments are typically ineffective

great instability, including major shifts in mood, an unstable self-image, and impulsivity; unstable interpersonal relationships; prone to bouts of anger contributing to violence and aggression which is directed towards themselves (self-destructive behaviors)

substance abuse, recklessness, self-injurious or self-mutilation, suicidal actions and threats

1.5-2.5%

75%

fear of abandonment from lack of early acceptance, early sexual abuse, or abuse/neglect by parents

low serotonin -> impulsivity

psychotherapy, however it is difficult for the therapist to balance between empathizing and challenging their way of thinking

extremely emotional and continually seek to be the center of attention

2 -3 % of adults; no gender difference

unhealthy relationships in which cold parents left them feeling unloved and afraid of abandonment; To defend against deep-seated fears of loss, the individuals learned to behave dramatically

they are helpless to care for themselves, so they seek out others who will meet their needs

caused in part by society's norms and expectations regarding gender.

more likely to seek treatment on their own. Working with them can be difficult because of their demands, tantrums ,seductiveness, and attempts to please the therapist

grandiose, need much admiration, and feel no empathy with others

75%

they aim to convince themselves that they are self-sufficient and without need of warm relationships

when people are treated too positively rather than negatively in early life

no success, individuals may try to manipulate the therapist into supporting their sense

People with avoidant personality disorder are very uncomfortable and inhibited in social situations, overwhelmed by feelings of inadequacy, and extremely sensitive to negative evaluation

people with social anxiety disorder mainly fear social circumstances, while people with avoidant personality disorder tend to fear close social relationships

1 to 2%; no gender difference

general sense of shame

Harsh criticism and rejection in early childhood may lead people to assume that their environment will always judge them negatively

Fail to develop normal social skills

Treatment is similar to social anxiety disorder treatment; the therapist needs to gain the individuals trust because they soon begin to avoid sessions Anti-anxiety and anti-depressants sometimes work, group therapy following cognitive behavioral principles also help

Pervasive excessive need to be taken care of; they are clingy, and obedient, fearing separation

Unresolved conflicts during the oral stage of development can give rides to a lifelong need for nurture

Early parental loss or rejection, causing a fear of abandonment

Parents were over involved and overprotective increasing their kids dependency

Parents unintentionally rewarded their children's clingy and loyal behavior

Maladaptive attitudes: "I am inadequate and helpless to deal with the world", "I must find a person to provide protection so I can cope"

Key task is to help patients accept responsibility for treatment, therapy is often recommended.

Focuses on many of the same issues as depression

Help clients challenge and change their assumptions of incompetence and helplessness, and provide assertiveness training

Preoccupied with order perfection control that they lose all flexibility, openness, and efficiency

1%-2%; white, married, educated and employed individuals receive the diagnosis most often

Anal regression: to keep their anger under control they resist both their anger and their instincts to have bowel movements

Unlikely to seek treatment but respond best to say dynamic or cognitive therapy or SSRI's

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