What is a holoenzyme, and how is it related to conjugated proteins/enzymes? Enzyme inhibitor Protein without a cofactor Active compound formed by enzyme and coenzyme Inactive enzyme precursor

Active compound formed by enzyme and coenzyme

Chapter 21

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Biology - Biochemistry

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Cards in this deck(42)

What is the biochemical catalyst for cellular reactions that speeds up reactions and is typically a globular protein?

What are the two main types of enzymes based on their composition?

What type of protein or enzyme consists only of amino acids?

What is a holoenzyme, and how is it related to conjugated proteins/enzymes?

What are the two components of conjugated proteins/enzymes?

What is the protein portion of an enzyme called?

What is a non-protein component that provides a functional group not present in amino acids?

What is the term for the binding site on an enzyme that is highly specific for the reactant?

What is the reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction called?

What is the term for the intermediate state when the substrate is bound to the enzyme's active site?

What are the two models that describe enzyme-substrate interaction?

Which enzyme model suggests that only substrates with the correct shape can bind to the active site?

Which enzyme model involves a conformational change in the enzyme upon substrate binding?

What types of interactions occur between a substrate and an enzyme?

What type of specificity involves an enzyme acting on only one particular substrate?

What is the ability of an enzyme to distinguish between stereoisomers called?

What type of specificity involves enzymes acting on structurally similar compounds with the same functional group?

What type of specificity is concerned only with the bond type, regardless of the surrounding structure?

What factors affect enzyme activity?

What is the optimal temperature for most enzyme activity?

What happens to enzyme activity when the temperature deviates from the optimal 37 degrees C?

How does pH affect enzyme activity, and what factors determine an enzyme's optimal pH?

How does substrate concentration affect the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

What are the three types of enzyme inhibition?

What is an enzyme inhibitor, and how does it affect enzyme activity?

What is a competitive inhibitor, and how does it affect enzyme activity?

What is a noncompetitive inhibitor, and how does it affect enzyme activity?

What is an allosteric site on an enzyme?

Enzymes must be _____ to regulate metabolic pathways effectively.

What are the mechanisms of enzyme control?

What is feedback control in the context of enzyme regulation?

What are proteolytic enzymes and zymogens, and how are they activated?

What is covalent modification in enzyme regulation?

What are two common modifications involved in covalent modification of enzymes?

What is genetic control in the context of enzyme regulation?

Why are vitamins essential to our diet?

Are vitamins precursors to cofactors in conjugated proteins?

How many known vitamins are there?

How are vitamins classified?

Which vitamins are water-soluble?

Vitamins are/need to be _____ to maintain health.

Which vitamins are fat-soluble?

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Chapter 21

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