Developmental Theories: Continuity vs. Stage Development in Human Growth Patterns

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Psychology - Developmental Psychology

jake12testoswi Created by 10 mon ago

Cards in this deck(100)

What is the view that development is a cumulative process, gradually improving on existing skills?

What is the view that development takes place in unique stages, which happen at specific times or ages?

What term describes the concept that change occurs in every direction, not always in a straight line, with gains and losses?

What is the brain's ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or building new pathways?

Which philosophy suggests that childhood is a time of special privilege and education should be sensitive to the child's needs?

Which philosophy emphasizes that early education is important but children need more structure, viewing the mind as a tabula rasa?

What theory explains that organisms with the best adaptations survive and pass on their traits to offspring?

Whose theory focuses on needs and desires as central to human development?

Which stage in Freud's theory corresponds to birth to 1 year and focuses on oral activities?

Which stage in Freud's theory corresponds to 1 year to 3 years and focuses on anal activities?

What term describes the genetic makeup of an organism?

What term describes an organism's physical appearance or visible traits, influenced by genotype and environment?

What is the study of how behaviors and environment affect the way our genes work and are expressed?

What is the term for the first two weeks of prenatal development?

During which period do implantation and cell division take place, and the placenta develops?

What term describes the decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation, as seen in infants?

What are agents that damage the process of development, such as drugs and viruses, called?

Twins have a higher chance of which conditions?

What is the term for the unique language that twins often share?

What does the APGAR scale measure in terms of appearance?

What does the APGAR scale measure in terms of pulse?

What does the APGAR scale measure in terms of grimace response?

What does the APGAR scale measure in terms of activity?

What does the APGAR scale measure in terms of respiration?

What is the reflex in which a newborn fans out the toes when the sole of the foot is touched?

What is the infant reflex where a baby will startle in response to a loud sound or sudden movement?

What is a baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch and search for the nipple?

What reflex causes a newborn to make sucking motions when a finger or nipple is placed in the mouth?

What is the reflex that occurs when something is placed in an infant's palm, causing them to grasp the object?

What reflex involves a newborn making coordinated walking movements when held upright with feet touching a flat surface?

How much time does a newborn typically spend sleeping?

What is the disorder characterized by impaired growth in infancy and early childhood due to malnutrition?

What is the biological mechanism that protects the brain when malnutrition disrupts body growth?

What are the gaps of soft spots in a newborn's skull that allow it to fit through the birth canal?

How much does the brain grow from birth to age 2?

What is the process where a layer of myelin forms around the axons, allowing nerve impulses to travel faster?

What is the process by which unused connections in the brain atrophy and die?

What is the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment?

What is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information to recognize meaningful objects and events?

At what age can infants see color and achieve 20/20 vision?

What development theory suggests that knowledge of the world is constructed through experience?

What development theory suggests that knowledge is innate?

What is the research technique that involves giving an infant a choice of what object to look at?

What is the ability to see objects in three dimensions and judge distance, despite two-dimensional retinal images?

What is the term for perception of depth carried by motion?

What is the newborn's automatic response to a loud noise or touch on the stomach, involving a startle reflex?

How do newborns respond to sounds, and how does this change from 1-3 months to 3-4 months?

What is the high-pitched style in which parents speak to their children, attracting attention and aiding learning?

At what ages do infants develop music perception, recognizing melodies and rhythmic patterns?

What did Harlow's monkey experiments demonstrate about the importance of tactile comfort?

At what age can babies intentionally grasp an object?

How many tastebuds do babies start with, and how does this number change over time?

What smell do infants prefer, which imitates breast milk?

What sense is associated with balance and the Moro reflex?

What is the sense of the location of body parts in relation to the ground and each other?

What is the combining of information from two or more sensory systems called?

What is the ability to transfer information about an object from one sense to another?

What are motor skills that involve large-muscle activities, such as walking and crawling?

What are physical abilities involving small body movements, especially of the hands and fingers?

At what age do infants typically grasp objects and put them in their mouth?

At what age do infants transfer objects from one hand to the other in a two-step process?

At what age do infants start banging objects on the table and begin the pincer grasp?

At what age do infants typically grasp using only their fingers?

At what age do infants show a preference for one hand over the other?

At what age do infants typically develop head control?

At what age do infants use their arms to push their body off the ground?

At what age do infants typically roll over on their back?

At what age do infants typically roll over from their back?

At what age do infants typically sit without help?

At what age do infants typically start crawling?

At what age do infants typically pull up on furniture?

At what age do infants typically start climbing and crawling?

At what age do infants typically start walking?

What type of play involves repetitive motor movement focused on the infant's own body, such as kicking legs?

What term describes the back-and-forth interactions between children and caregivers, involving reaching out for interaction?

What type of play involves repeatedly putting objects into containers and then dumping them?

What type of play involves knowing that actions create reactions, with object play becoming more intentional?

What type of play involves bringing together related toys, showing understanding of intentional use?

What type of play involves the use of gross motor movements much more during playtime?

What type of play involves the use of fine motor skills?

What type of play starts out as self-focused or imaginary play?

What type of play involves sitting near another child while still engaging in self play, with eye contact?

What type of play involves engaging in shared pretend play with others?

What cognitive theory looks at how the mind organizes and adapts to the environment, with stages like sensorimotor?

What are ways of organizing information in the brain, according to cognitive development theories?

What is the process of fitting new experiences into old ideas called?

What is the process of restructuring old ideas to include new experiences called?

What is the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived?

What is the term for active experimentation in infants, where they act as 'little scientists'?

At what age do infants start putting two ideas together, with thought preceding action?

What is the ability to remember and copy the behavior of models who are not present called?

What is the tendency to reach for a hidden object where it was last found rather than in the new location called?

What is the phenomenon where infants look longer at unexpected or impossible events involving objects?

At what age can infants find a hidden object if they watch it being hidden?

At what age do infants achieve full object permanence and will search until the object is found?

What stage in Piaget's theory involves not being ready for reality, make-believe play, and egocentrism?

What is the term for seeing the world exclusively from one's own perspective?

What is the characteristic of preoperational thought where a child thinks that nothing changes?

What is the belief that nonliving things are alive called?

Who investigated how culture and interpersonal communication guide development, introducing concepts like the zone of proximal development?

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