Child Development Psychology: Physical, Intellectual & Social Development Processes
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Cards in this deck(61)
The field of study that focuses on the range of children's physical, intellectual, social, and emotional development is known as _____.
Jean-Marc Itard's contributions to developmental psychology include methods to teach language and social interactions, demonstrating the potential for learning in deprived individuals and laying the foundation for modern special education practices such as _____.
Before the 16th century, there was little evidence about a focus on children. During the Protestant Reformation, children were seen as born in sin, leading to harsher punishments. The _____ transformed concepts of child development.
The interaction of biology, the environment, and a child's own activities to produce new ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving is referred to as _____.
The extent to which development is open to change as a result of either deliberate intervention or chance experience is known as _____.
Is development a gradual, continuous process of change, or is it punctuated by periods of rapid change and the sudden emergence of new ways of thinking and behaving? This question addresses the concept of _____.
What makes individuals different from one another, and to what extent are individual characteristics stable over time? This question explores the concept of _____.
The theory that explores the influence on development and developmental stages of universal biological drives and life experiences of individuals is known as _____.
The focus on development as a result of learning and on changes in behaviors as a result of individuals forming associations between behavior and its consequences is known as _____.
The theory that focuses on children's active construction of reality based on their experiences with the world is known as _____.
The theory that emphasizes the role of culture on development is known as _____.
The requirement that scientific knowledge not be distorted by the investigator's preconceptions is known as _____.
The scientific requirement that when the same behavior is measured on two or more occasions by the same or different observers, the measurements must be consistent with each other is known as _____.
The scientific requirement that the data being collected must actually reflect the phenomenon being studied is known as _____.
The scientific requirement that other researchers be able to use the same procedures as an initial investigator did and obtain the same results is known as _____.
A direct way to gather objective information revealing the full complexity of behavior is an advantage of _____.
People might behave differently under observation; expectations may shape observations; information may be lost or time-consuming to analyze. These are disadvantages of _____.
The best method of testing causal hypotheses is an advantage of _____.
People may behave differently in the experimental setting, distorting the validity of the results. This is a disadvantage of _____.
It is possible to probe the child's way of thinking in order to discover patterns. This is an advantage of _____.
Reliance on verbal expression makes the methods inappropriate with very young children. This is a disadvantage of _____.
It is possible to discover patterns of continuity and change over time. This is an advantage of _____.
Expense, long commitment may lead to selective dropout, and risk of confounding differences with cohort differences are disadvantages of _____.
Relatively less time-consuming and expensive is an advantage of _____.
A disconnected snapshot requiring inferences about processes of change, and if groups differ other than in age, risk of confounding age differences with those differences are disadvantages of _____.
Age-related factors in change can be separated from cohort factors. This is an advantage of _____.
To a lesser extent, disadvantages of the longitudinal and cross-sectional designs are disadvantages of _____.
Provides a record of change, revealing change processes. This is an advantage of _____.
Limited to changes occurring over short periods of time is a disadvantage of _____.
Material and symbolic tools that accumulate through time, are passed on through social processes, and provide resources for the developing child are aspects of _____.
Tools of culture, which vary across cultures, include physical objects or observable patterns of behavior such as family routines. This is an aspect of _____.
Symbolic tools, abstract knowledge, beliefs, and values affecting development are aspects of _____.
Mediation, the process through which tools organize children's activities and ways of relating to their environments, is an aspect of _____.
The most basic social process of learning to use cultural resources, in which resources are used simply because others' activities have made them available in the immediate environment, is known as _____.
The social process through which children learn to use their culture's resources by observing and copying the behaviors of others is known as _____.
The social process in which children are purposefully taught to use the resources of their culture is known as _____.
The expression of abstract ideas, desires, ambitions, and emotions that convey cultural values is known as _____.
The transmission of traits from one generation to the next is known as _____.
All chromosomes in the cell replicate, producing a new set of chromosomes identical to the first. The two sets then separate and the cell divides, producing two daughter cells. This process, which ensures that identical genetic information is maintained in the somatic cells over the life of the organism, is known as _____.
The process that produces sperm and ova, each of which contains only half of the parent's cell's original complement of 46 chromosomes, is known as _____.
Cell division that generates new germ cells (sperm) begins with replication of the cell's chromosomes, but the cell then divides twice, each with 23 chromosomes. This process is known as _____.
The process of cell duplication and division that generates all of an individual's cells except sperm and ova is known as _____.
A person's sex is determined by their combinations of _____.
The genetic endowment of an individual is referred to as their _____.
An organism's observable characteristics that result from the interaction of the genotype with the environment are known as _____.
The allele that is expressed when an individual possesses two different alleles for the same trait is known as the _____.
The allele that is not expressed when an individual possesses two different alleles for the same trait is known as the _____.
Having inherited two genes of the same allelic form for a trait is known as being _____.
Having inherited two genes of different allelic forms for a trait is known as being _____.
Understanding the interplay between genes and environment by allowing researchers to compare individuals with varying degrees of genetic similarity while exposed to different environments is the purpose of _____.
A change in an organism's DNA sequence that can alter protein function and lead to phenotypic changes is known as a _____.
The period that begins at conception from a zygote and lasts until the zygote enters the uterus and becomes implanted (8 to 10 days after conception) to the uterine wall is known as the _____.
The period that begins at implantation, lasts until the 8th week, during which all major organs take primitive shape, and the placenta allows exchange of nutrients and waste products, is known as the _____.
The period that begins at the 9th week and lasts until birth, characterized by dramatic growth in weight and length, and increased complexity of the brain and all organ systems, is known as the _____.
Infants modified their rates of sucking in the direction that produced the familiar story: 'The Cat in the Hat'. This finding is associated with the study by _____.
The effects of a negative attitude, immediate effects of elevated levels of hormone cortisol, and stress hormones passing through the placenta into the amniotic fluid are related to _____.
Maternal nutrition is important to fetal development, requiring a well-balanced diet and increased intake of folic acid and iron, with a daily caloric intake of _____.
The Apgar scale is used to diagnose the physical state of a newborn infant, where a higher score indicates a _____.
The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) is used to assess a newborn's _____.
Environmental agents such as toxins, diseases, drugs, and alcohol that increase the risk of deviations in normal development and can lead to serious abnormalities or death are known as _____.
Prescription drugs, tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, heroin, rubella, HIV, and pollution are examples of common _____.
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