development includes distinct and separate stages, different kinds of behavior discontinuous development theory Primary sexual characteristics Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Reasoning *Level 3* endoderm

discontinuous development theory

Many, each experience adds up over time rooting reflex identity vs. confusion endoderm Is there one course of development or many?

Is there one course of development or many?

Psych 2000 Ch. 9 - Lifespan Development

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Psychology - Developmental Psychology

georgepetenjk Created by 10 mon ago

Cards in this deck(79)

growth/changes in body/brain/senses, motor skills, health/wellness

learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, creativity

emotions, personality, and social relationships

looks at what normal development is, compares to group average

specific life event: when a child walks, talks, etc

development is gradual thru lifespan, ongoing changes, earlier behavior provides steps for next stages

development includes distinct and separate stages, different kinds of behavior

some characteristics are continuous, some discontinuous

Many, each experience adds up over time

genetics, biological influences we are born with

environmental factors (experiences) shape who you are

Freud's theory that your personality is set by age 5

staying preoccupied with issues from the previous stage of development

how interactions shape us

(birth-12 months) caregivers give babies sense of trust - baby sees the world as a safe place - if not, the baby sees the world as unpredictable

(1-3 years) "NO", main task is independence - kids will learn independence - if not, they will est low self esteem

(3-6 years) "why?" learning through social interactions and play, taking some control - dev willingness to try - if not, feel guilty for asking why

(6-12 yrs) begin to compare themselves to their peers

(12-18 yrs) main ask is developing a sense of self (based around politics, sexuality, religion) - true to beliefs - if not, confused about the future

(20s-early 40s) ready to share life with others - without sense of self-identity, will feel lonely

(40s-mid 60s) life's work? legacy? leaving behind? time is perceived by "how much longer do I have left to live?"

(mid 60s-death) reflecting on life: - success = good life worth living, satisfied - failure = regrets, a wasted life

mental and physical concepts that help us understand the world ex. the process of going to a restauraunt

taking new info to add/adjust schema ex. child seeing a new type of dog

change existing schema due to new info ex. kid creates a new schema for cats

when a child learns that people/things still exist out of sight

belief that everything is alive ex. stuffed animal "can't breathe" in a plastic bag

properties of an object stay the same even if its appearance changes

not understanding perspective (people experience the world differently) ex. a kid nodding on the phone

concepts and actions can be reversed

decisions made based on logic and real world situations

supports learning through encouraging independence by slowly removing help over time ex. learning to ride a bike

the ideal type of learning level right above a child's understanding: with help (scaffolding), they can reach it

Preconventional Morality: no personal code of morality (children)

Conventional Morality: internalizing standards of adult role models accepted w/o question, based on social norms

Post-Conventional Morality: developing our own set of standards, own ideas of rights and justice (few people make it here)

new cell made from a sperm + egg

conception

organ between mother + child: provides child w/ *nutrients* and *oxygen*

sperm + egg unite in fallopian tubes

embryo

outer layer: skin, nervous system

inner layer: viscera (digestive)

middle layer: muscle + bone

8 weeks until birth the embryo becomes a *fetus*

medical care during pregnancy for mother and child, reduces risks + complication

harmful environmental elements that can harm a fetus

combats malnutrition, supports fetal development

if a mother is too young (under 20) or too old (40+), the baby could be born premature or at a low birth weight

drug that used to be perscribed for morning sickness later led to phocomelia

stunted growth in long bones of babies

limited oxygen for fetus: leads to LBW, weak immune system, poor respiration, high change for miscarriage/asthma/SIDS

specific time in dev. where an event has the biggest impact

reflexive beh at birth

touch cheek, look for nipple

if an infant feels like they're falling, they'll throw their arms and head out and back in, like they're trying to grab something

emotional tie w/ another person, babies want to stay close

caregiver's presence, child feels comfortable to explore

observe child and a caregiver in different situations (PC, stranger)

some distress on separation, happy when reunited - knows caregiver will return - comfort when scared - warm, sweet babies

avoid caregiver, no distress upon leaving, no care when return - PC likely abusive, neglectful

"velcro babies"! very distressed when caregiver leaves, baby wants connection upon return but angry - caregiver not very available, not enough attention

confusing mix of beh - caregiver inconsistent, baby doesn't know what to expect

sense of self as separate from the world, ideas about the self

how strict + rule oriented parents are

how emotionally available parents are

high in both demandingness and responsiveness - kids happy, in school, successful w/ peers

high demands, low responsiveness - kids obedient + good in school, low happiness, self esteem

low demands, high responsiveness - low happiness, friends don't like them, problems w authority and bad in school ex. Gideon

low on both demands and responsiveness - low self esteem, no self control, few friends, most likely to drop out of school ex. rich parents, never in their mansion, kid who smokes

transitional period btwn childhood + adulthood

adrenal glands produce more androgen, cues bodily changes

maturing of the gonads

bodily changes directly relation to *reproduction*

bodily changes that *make us look more male or female*

first menstrual cycle

first ejaculation

frontal lobes still developing - not done till mid 20s - rationality (what are consequences?)

18-mid 20s In between time of identity exploration, identity and love

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Psych 2000 Ch. 9 - Lifespan Development

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