BIO240 Genetics Final exam review

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Biology - Genetics

user_kambeorv Created by 9 mon ago

Cards in this deck(49)

What is the result of a cross between two individuals where one is homozygous recessive for both traits (aabb)?

What is the phenotypic ratio for progeny resulting from dihybrid parents that are both heterozygous for both traits (AaBb x AaBb)?

What is the genotypic ratio for progeny resulting from a dihybrid test cross where the two genes assort independently (AaBb x aabb)?

What is the phenotypic ratio of the progeny in a monohybrid cross where the parents are both Aa, assuming complete dominance?

What is the phenotypic ratio exhibited by progeny in a monohybrid cross (both parents Aa) in a situation of incomplete dominance and co-dominance?

What is the phenotypic ratio exhibited by progeny in a monohybrid cross with a lethal allele?

What is the term for when the phenotype of the heterozygote is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes?

What is the genetic phenomenon where both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype of the heterozygote, such as in AB blood type?

What is the process called where one of the female's X chromosomes is inactivated to ensure equal gene product levels between males and females?

What is the exchange of alleles between homologous chromosomes during meiosis that results in greater genetic diversity?

What is the phenomenon where an individual's phenotype is determined by their mother's genotype?

What term describes when only a certain percentage of individuals with the same genotype express the associated phenotype?

What is the term for when different individuals express the phenotype of a specific genotype at different intensities?

What is the process called where an auto-regulator amplifies its own gene expression, leading to increased gene production over time?

What is the process called where an auto-repressor inhibits its own gene expression, leading to decreased gene expression over time?

What is the process called where different combinations of exons are removed after transcription, allowing one gene to produce many different proteins?

What are the modifications that occur to the pre-mRNA strand to turn it into the final mRNA strand for translation?

What are the two nearly identical chromosomes that result from replication, differing only due to occasional small errors?

What are the two chromosomes in a set possessed by a diploid organism that have the same genes but potentially different alleles?

What is a gene called that can produce cancerous cells when mutated, often involved in cell proliferation and growth?

What type of gene suppresses cell growth and is often involved in apoptosis or cell cycle checkpoints?

What is the first nucleotide to be transcribed, located just downstream of the promoter and the first nucleotide of the 5' UTR?

What is the term for when one copy of a gene is deleted, but the single remaining copy is sufficient to produce the wild-type phenotype?

What is the term for when one copy of a gene is deleted, and the single remaining copy is NOT sufficient to produce the wild-type phenotype?

What is the consensus sequence that functions as the indicator for the initiation of translation in eukaryotes?

What are traits called that are carried on the X chromosome and affect all daughters of an affected father?

What are traits called that are carried on the X chromosome and almost exclusively affect males?

What is a nonfunctional member of a gene family due to mutation called?

What is a heritable change that occurs without a change in an organism's genotype, often due to chromatin modification?

What is the interaction of genes where the phenotype of one gene masks the phenotype of another gene?

What is the general transcription factor that binds to the TATA sequence and is important for the initiation of transcription in eukaryotes?

What is the consensus sequence found in the core promoter of eukaryotic genes that signals the initiation of transcription?

What is the sequence in bacterial genes recognized by the ribosome as its binding location for translation initiation?

What is calculated by looking at the number of recombinants in the progeny of a dihybrid testcross and does not equal a strict number of base pairs?

What is located upstream of both the coding region and core promoter, controlling the level and location of transcription?

What is located immediately upstream and adjacent to the coding region, controlling whether or not a gene can be transcribed?

What is the cellular level error where homologous chromosomes do not separate normally during cell division, causing an abnormal number of chromosomes?

What is the duplication of an organism's entire genome called?

What is a point in a phylogenetic tree where two branches diverge from one another called?

What are three consecutive base pairs in an mRNA sequence that code for a specific amino acid during translation?

What describes the condition where the third codon position is most likely to 'wobble', affecting the identity of an amino acid?

What are genes with similar sequences that perform similar functions called?

What is any mutation that causes the change of one amino acid in the polypeptide sequence called?

In what direction is the template DNA strand read during transcription?

In what direction is the RNA strand synthesized, and in what direction does the ribosome read the mRNA?

What is any mutation that causes an amino acid to change to a stop codon called?

What is the condition of having cells of more than one genotype within the same organism, leading to a 'mosaic' phenotype?

What is chromatin that is not densely packed and is typically associated with protein-coding regions called?

What is the microarray technique used to compare gene expression between two groups, such as healthy and cancerous cells?

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BIO240 Genetics Final exam review

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