Aldosterone is _____, an adrenal hormone that increases sodium reabsorption in the kidney. A hormone that reduces glucose A hormone that increases calcium A hormone that decreases potassium A hormone that regulates sodium

A hormone that regulates sodium

Nutr 251 Final Exam

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Medicine - Nutrition

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Cards in this deck(93)

Which intracellular compartment contains the greatest amount of body fluid? The answer is _____ .

The major cation in the intracellular fluid is _____, whereas the major anion in the extracellular fluid is _____ .

ADH is _____, a pituitary hormone that decreases water excretion.

Aldosterone is _____, an adrenal hormone that increases sodium reabsorption in the kidney.

A loss of 1%-2% of body weight in fluids will generally cause a person to _____ .

Which of the following foods has the highest percent of total weight as water? The answer is _____ .

Drinking too much water can result in dilution of sodium in the blood, a condition known as _____ .

Which foods are significant sources of oxalates? The answer is _____ .

Joe Smith, age 52, has a blood pressure of 145 mm Hg over 95 mm Hg. This is considered _____ .

Factors that can contribute to an increased risk of high blood pressure include _____ .

Almost all (99%) of the calcium in the body is used to _____ .

In addition to its role in bone development and maintenance, calcium is also required for _____ .

Which of the following is a major function of magnesium? It acts as a _____ .

The richest dietary sources of magnesium generally are _____ .

Which of the following age is typically associated with people having the densest bone? The answer is _____ .

For optimal utilization of calcium supplements, it is best to take them several times a day in doses up to _____ mg.

Heme iron is _____, the part of hemoglobin that carries oxygen in the blood.

Which of the following foods is a good source of non-heme iron? The answer is _____ .

Which of the following factors increases iron absorption? The answer is _____ .

In iron-deficiency anemia, the red blood cells are usually classified as _____ .

Which of the following population groups is at highest risk of iron-deficiency anemia? The answer is _____ .

A classic sign of zinc deficiency is _____ .

In the United States, a food source of iodine is _____ fortified with iodine.

Fluoride is typically provided by _____ .

Which of the following is the leading (most deadly) type of cancer in males and females in North America? The answer is _____ .

Which of the following may increase cancer risk? The answer is _____ .

Which of the following nutrients have all been linked to a possible decreased risk of cancer? The answer is _____ .

A lacto-ovo-vegetarian eats _____ .

Which of the following nutrients are typically low in an individual who follows a vegan diet and does not pay attention to eating foods that are fortified with these nutrients? The answer is _____ .

Felice had a dish of corn tortillas and black beans for lunch. Which is TRUE about this dish? The answer is _____ .

Bethany recently adopted a vegetarian diet. Yesterday, she had a coffee and a Danish pastry for breakfast; a vegetarian tomato-rice dish, pretzels, and a diet soft drink for lunch; 2 cookies in the afternoon; a vegetarian sub with 2 glasses of fruit punch for dinner; and a bowl of popcorn for evening snack. Which nutrients are likely to be low in Bethany's diet? The answer is _____ .

What is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics on vegetarian diets? The answer is _____ .

Bill consumes 31 g of carbohydrate, 17 g of protein, and 14 g of fat at lunch. How many kcals did Bill consume? The answer is _____ .

Jillian needs a minimum of 1400 kcal to keep her resting awake body alive. This is known as _____ .

David burns 250 kcal raking the leaves. This activity is classified as _____ .

Charlie's body uses 100 kcal to digest, absorb, and process the food. This is known as _____ .

Linda's constant nervous twitch burns 200 kcal. This is an example of _____ .

Which of the following is not associated with promoting satiation or satiety? The answer is _____ .

Sally weighs 135 pounds and is 5'5" (65") tall. What is Sally's BMI? Round to the nearest whole number. The answer is _____ .

How would a 25-year-old female who is 5'2" (62 in) tall and 140 pounds be categorized based on BMI? The answer is _____ .

A weight-reduction program should be considered successful only when the weight loss _____ .

Keeping tempting snack foods stashed in the cupboards or freezer instead of leaving them in plain view, which may trigger unnecessary eating, is an example of _____ .

A weight-loss program is likely a fad diet if it _____ .

This approach to eating and health recognizes that media, diet industry, and some medical professionals have encouraged a preoccupation with weight. This is known as _____ .

A weight loss of as little as _____ % of initial body weight can significantly improve health even if the person is still overweight.

Which of the following is NOT a common presentation of bulimia nervosa? The answer is _____ .

A pregnancy that is considered full term lasts _____ weeks.

After the eighth week of pregnancy, the developing offspring is known as _____ .

Which of the following is NOT true about the placenta? The answer is _____ .

During the second trimester, a pregnant woman needs an average of an additional _____ kcal per day.

Women who begin pregnancy at a normal BMI should gain about _____ pounds during pregnancy.

Pregnant women with obesity are more likely to experience _____ .

Exposure to alcohol during fetal life may cause _____ .

Pregnancy-induced hypertension _____ .

The hormone that stimulates lobules in the breast to let down (release) milk is _____ .

A benefit of breastfeeding for mothers is _____ .

Because some energy required for breastfeeding is supplied by fat stores, approximately how many kcals should be consumed above baseline needs to support production of breast milk? The answer is _____ .

According to growth charts, the average infant will double its birth weight at about _____ months and will triple its birth weight at about _____ months.

Which is NOT a sign that an infant may be ready for solid foods? The answer is _____ .

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a hormone released by the pituitary gland that helps kidneys retain water. This hormone is also known as _____ .

Renin is an enzyme released by the kidney to activate angiotensinogen by converting it to angiotensin I. This process is crucial for _____ .

Aldosterone is a hormone released by the adrenal gland to help kidneys retain sodium, chloride, and water. This hormone is essential for _____ .

What inhibits the action of antidiuretic hormone? The answer is _____ .

Adequate intakes of water for men and women are _____ cups a day for men and _____ cups a day for women.

Important foods for reaching water needs include _____ .

Water intoxication results in _____, a condition characterized by low blood sodium.

A mineral is a _____, naturally occurring element that is inorganic, needed in small amounts, and essential.

Major minerals are required in amounts greater than or equal to _____ milligrams a day.

Trace minerals are required in amounts less than _____ milligrams a day.

Bioavailability refers to the amount of a nutrient that is absorbed and available to body cells and tissues. Several factors can affect this, including _____ .

Factors affecting bioavailability include gastric acidity, interactions with vitamins and minerals, and binding by plant chemicals. These factors influence _____ .

Phytic acid (Phytate) is found in wheat and other grains and binds to zinc and iron, affecting their _____ .

Oxalic acid (Oxalate) is found in leafy green plants and binds to calcium, affecting its _____ .

Most minerals are excreted via _____ .

Electrolytes maintain _____ between the intracellular and extracellular environment.

Major sources of sodium in the US diet include foods at stores (65%) and fast food (14%). These sources contribute to _____ .

Excess sodium causes _____, including hypertension (heart disease/stroke) and increased urinary calcium secretion.

Health agencies call for a 50% reduction in sodium content of _____ .

Inadequate potassium may affect _____ .

Blood pressure levels (sys/dia) are categorized as follows: Normal: <120/<80, Elevated: 120-139/<80, High: 130-139/80-89, High 2: >140/>90. These levels indicate _____ .

Risk factors of hypertension include family history, elderly, African American, obesity, and physical inactivity. These factors contribute to _____ .

The DASH Diet to prevent hypertension is high in fruits and vegetables and low in sodium, total fat, and saturated fat. This diet is designed to _____ .

The CDRR level for sodium is _____ mg a day.

Potassium Intake CDRR Levels per day are _____ for men and _____ for women.

Chloride is a component of _____ .

Magnesium acts as a cofactor for over 300 enzymes that use ATP for energy metabolism and muscle contraction. This mineral is essential for _____ .

Food sources of magnesium include _____ .

Hydroxyapatite binds to collagen fibers to give bone strength. This compound is crucial for _____ .

Calcium functions include 99% found in bone, nerve transmissions, muscle contract/relax, blood clot, and cell metabolism. These functions are vital for _____ .

Calcium bioavailability factors include phytic acid and oxalic acid decreasing bioavailability, while eating calcium-rich foods increases it. These factors influence _____ .

Calcium RDA is _____ mg for both males and females.

Osteoporosis is a low bone mass disease affecting women, elderly, white/Asian, hereditary, and those with a thin bone frame. This condition is characterized by _____ .

Osteopenia is characterized by _____, making bones easy to fracture.

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Nutr 251 Final Exam

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