What are the two chemical subunits of peptidoglycan? Galactose and Mannose Ribose and Deoxyribose Glucose and Fructose N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid

N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid

What is the clinical application of gram staining? Used for DNA sequencing First diagnostic tool, rapid performance, aids in determining antibiotics Identifies viral infections Measures blood glucose levels

First diagnostic tool, rapid performance, aids in determining antibiotics

What is the primary function of the circulatory system in larger animals? To facilitate the digestion of food To provide structural support to the body To move oxygen, gases, nutrients, and hormones to cells for energy, growth, and repair To regulate the body's temperature

To move oxygen, gases, nutrients, and hormones to cells for energy, growth, and repair

How do animals utilize simple diffusion for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products? By circulating blood through vessels By using specialized organs like lungs and kidneys Through active transport mechanisms Through direct exchange across cell membranes without energy

Through direct exchange across cell membranes without energy

Which statement best describes the open circulatory system found in most invertebrates? Nutrients are absorbed through the skin Blood is not enclosed in blood vessels and hemolymph bathes organs directly Blood circulates within a closed network of vessels Oxygen is transported directly by specialized cells

Blood is not enclosed in blood vessels and hemolymph bathes organs directly

What characterizes a closed circulatory system? Blood is mixed with interstitial fluid and bathes organs Blood is contained within vessels and circulates uni-directionally Oxygen is absorbed directly from the environment Nutrients are exchanged directly through the skin

Blood is contained within vessels and circulates uni-directionally

What are the main components of the vertebrate circulatory system? Kidneys, bladder, and ureters Heart, blood vessels, and blood Lungs, trachea, and bronchi Stomach, intestines, and liver

Heart, blood vessels, and blood

What are the three types of vessels in the cardiovascular system and their functions? Arteries carry blood to the heart, veins allow exchange, capillaries return blood to the heart Capillaries carry blood away from the heart, veins allow exchange, arteries return blood to the heart Arteries carry blood away from the heart, capillaries allow exchange, veins return blood to the heart Veins carry blood away from the heart, arteries allow exchange, capillaries return blood to the heart

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, capillaries allow exchange, veins return blood to the heart

How is blood circulated in vertebrate hearts with two or more chambers? Blood circulates through a single chamber Blood is directly absorbed by tissues Blood enters the atria and is pumped out through the ventricles Blood is mixed with digestive fluids

Blood enters the atria and is pumped out through the ventricles

What is an advantage of the vertebrate circulatory system that allows for high activity levels? It allows for direct absorption of nutrients from the environment It provides a rigid structure for muscle attachment It enables the storage of large amounts of energy Efficient oxygen and nutrient delivery supports activities like hunting and rapid movement

Efficient oxygen and nutrient delivery supports activities like hunting and rapid movement

What is a characteristic of single circulation found in some lower vertebrates? Blood is oxygenated directly in the heart Blood circulates through a double loop system Blood is mixed with interstitial fluid Blood passes through two capillary beds before returning to the heart

Blood passes through two capillary beds before returning to the heart

What are the primary tissue types found in the human body? epithelial, adipose, muscle, nervous epithelial, connective, adipose, nervous epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous muscle, connective, adipose, nervous

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

What is a tissue in the context of human anatomy? A type of connective tissue A group of cells with similar or complementary function A single cell performing a unique function A collection of organs working together

A group of cells with similar or complementary function

What are the five characteristics of epithelial tissue? Supported by connective tissue, elasticity, polarity, vascularity, regeneration Avascularity, polarity, elasticity, specialized contacts, regeneration Specialized contacts, polarity, supported by connective tissue, avascular but innervated, regeneration Polarity, vascularity, regeneration, specialized contacts, elasticity

Specialized contacts, polarity, supported by connective tissue, avascular but innervated, regeneration

What is a tight junction in cellular biology? A firm seal between two adjacent cells created by protein A protein that binds cells to the extracellular matrix A type of cell division A loose connection between two cells

A firm seal between two adjacent cells created by protein

What are desmosomes and their function in cellular structures? Channels that allow passage of materials between cells Anchoring junctions that prevent cells from being pulled apart Proteins that bind cells to the extracellular matrix Tight seals between adjacent cells

Anchoring junctions that prevent cells from being pulled apart

What is a gap junction and its role in cellular communication? A type of intercellular junction that allows the passage of materials between cells A tight seal between two adjacent cells A protein that binds cells to the extracellular matrix An anchoring junction that prevents cells from being pulled apart

A type of intercellular junction that allows the passage of materials between cells

How is epithelial tissue classified? By cell size and function By location and function By color and texture By number of layers and cell shape

By number of layers and cell shape

Describe the structure, functions, and location of simple squamous epithelia. Single layer of tall cells; absorption and secretion; found in digestive tract Multiple layers of cube-like cells; secretion and absorption; found in ducts Single layer of flattened cells; allows for diffusion; found in kidneys, lungs Multiple layers of flattened cells; protection; found in skin

Single layer of flattened cells; allows for diffusion; found in kidneys, lungs

Describe the structure, functions, and location of simple cuboidal epithelia. Single layer of tall cells; absorption and secretion; found in digestive tract Multiple layers of flattened cells; protection; found in skin Single layer of flattened cells; allows for diffusion; found in kidneys, lungs Single layer of cube-like cells; secretion and absorption; found in small ducts

Single layer of cube-like cells; secretion and absorption; found in small ducts

Describe the structure, functions, and location of simple columnar epithelia. Single layer of flattened cells; allows for diffusion; found in kidneys, lungs Single layer of tall cells; absorption and secretion; found in digestive tract Single layer of cube-like cells; secretion and absorption; found in small ducts Multiple layers of flattened cells; protection; found in skin

Single layer of tall cells; absorption and secretion; found in digestive tract

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