Type B adverse drug reactions are characterized by which of the following? High incidence and predictable Low incidence and unpredictable Dose-dependent and reversible Related to pharmacokinetics

Low incidence and unpredictable

Which of the following adverse drug reactions is idiosyncratic? Anaphylactic shock from penicillin Sedation from antihistamines Liver failure from acetaminophen overdose Hemolytic anemia in G6PD-deficient patients

Hemolytic anemia in G6PD-deficient patients

What is a key feature of dose-related adverse drug reactions? They occur only at low doses They are related to the drug's pharmacodynamics They are more common with intravenous administration They are more severe with long-term use

They are related to the drug's pharmacodynamics

Which of the following is an example of a chronic Type C adverse drug reaction? Tardive dyskinesia with antipsychotics Nausea from chemotherapy Rash from antibiotics Hypotension from antihypertensives

Tardive dyskinesia with antipsychotics

What is a Type A adverse drug reaction? A predictable reaction based on the drug's pharmacology An unpredictable allergic reaction An idiosyncratic reaction A reaction due to drug contamination

A predictable reaction based on the drug's pharmacology

Which of the following best describes a Type B adverse drug reaction? A dose-dependent reaction A predictable side effect An unpredictable, non-dose-related reaction A reaction related to drug interactions

An unpredictable, non-dose-related reaction

What is a common characteristic of dose-related adverse drug reactions? They are unpredictable They are related to genetic factors They can often be mitigated by adjusting the dose They involve immune system activation

They can often be mitigated by adjusting the dose

What is the primary difference between Type A and Type B adverse drug reactions? Type A reactions are immune-mediated, Type B are not Type A reactions are predictable, Type B are unpredictable Type B reactions are dose-dependent, Type A are not Type B reactions occur more frequently than Type A

Type A reactions are predictable, Type B are unpredictable

What is the primary purpose of a vaccine? To cure diseases To prevent disease by inducing immunity To treat chronic illnesses To enhance physical fitness

To prevent disease by inducing immunity

How do vaccines stimulate the immune system? By directly destroying pathogens By introducing antigens to provoke an immune response By altering genetic material By increasing white blood cell count

By introducing antigens to provoke an immune response

What is herd immunity? Immunity acquired through herd animals Protection from disease that occurs when a large percentage of a population is immune Immunity that lasts for a lifetime Immunity achieved by taking multiple vaccines at once

Protection from disease that occurs when a large percentage of a population is immune

What is the role of adjuvants in vaccines? They act as preservatives They enhance the body's immune response to the vaccine They serve as the main active ingredient They are used to color the vaccine

They enhance the body's immune response to the vaccine

Which statement about booster vaccines is true? They are unnecessary if the initial vaccine was effective They provide a second dose of the initial vaccine to strengthen immunity They are only used for children They are only for viral infections

They provide a second dose of the initial vaccine to strengthen immunity

What is a common consideration in immunization strategies? Cost of the vaccine Rate of disease transmission in the community Population's nutritional status Age of healthcare providers

Rate of disease transmission in the community

Why are subunit vaccines considered safe? They use live viruses They contain only essential antigens and no live pathogens They are administered only once They require no boosters

They contain only essential antigens and no live pathogens

What is the primary role of adjuvants in vaccines? To weaken the pathogen To enhance the body's immune response To preserve the vaccine To provide nutrition

To enhance the body's immune response

What is herd immunity? Immunity achieved by a single individual Resistance to disease in a population due to widespread vaccination Immunity developed after natural infection Immunity developed by isolated individuals

Resistance to disease in a population due to widespread vaccination

What is the mechanism of action for mRNA vaccines? Deliver live attenuated virus Deliver inactivated virus Deliver genetic instructions to produce a pathogen protein Deliver whole pathogen protein

Deliver genetic instructions to produce a pathogen protein

What is the purpose of booster shots in vaccination? To decrease immune system response To increase the effectiveness of the vaccine To reduce side effects To change the vaccine type

To increase the effectiveness of the vaccine

What is the primary immune response mechanism triggered by mRNA vaccines? Production of inactivated pathogens Direct immune cell activation Stimulation of antibody production Expression of viral protein by host cells

Expression of viral protein by host cells

Which of the following vaccines is an example of a viral vector vaccine? Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine Moderna COVID-19 vaccine Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine Hepatitis B vaccine

Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine

How do adjuvants in vaccines enhance immune response? By inactivating the pathogen By delaying antigen release By boosting the body's immune response By providing nutritional support

By boosting the body's immune response

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