Viral replication is characterized by its relationship with the host cell. Which of the following best describes this relationship? independent of both the host cell's DNA and the host cell's enzymes and metabolism. dependent on the host cell's DNA, RNA, enzymes, and metabolism. dependent on the host cell's DNA and RNA. independent of the host cell's DNA but dependent on the host cell's enzymes and metabolism.

independent of the host cell's DNA but dependent on the host cell's enzymes and metabolism.

Which statement about viral nucleic acid polymerases is TRUE? Many viruses contain their own nucleic acid polymerases. Viruses do not contain their own nucleic acid polymerases. The origins of the nucleic acid polymerases used by viruses are eukaryotic. All viruses contain their own nucleic acid polymerases.

Many viruses contain their own nucleic acid polymerases.

Restrictions with restriction enzymes of host are best described as _____? the viral processes whereby a host's DNA cease normal functioning. general host mechanisms to prevent virus particles from further infective action the viral processes whereby the virus prevent other viruses from entering the cell. general host mechanisms to prevent the invasion of foreign nucleic acid.

general host mechanisms to prevent the invasion of foreign nucleic acid.

The body can convert certain components of _____ acids, such as _____ into glucose through a process called _____. fatty, glycerol, gluconeogenesis amino, lysine, glycolysis nucleic, adenine, fermentation carboxylic, acetic, photosynthesis

fatty, glycerol, gluconeogenesis

_____ consumption can contribute to weight _____ as it provides additional calories, while also potentially affecting _____, nutrient _____, and metabolism. Water, loss, thirst, retention Alcohol, gain, appetite, absorption Protein, maintenance, muscle, synthesis Fiber, reduction, digestion, excretion

Alcohol, gain, appetite, absorption

The _____ of pyruvate to _____ takes place in the _____ of the cell. oxidation, lactate, cytoplasm hydrolysis, glucose, ribosome conversion, acetyl-CoA, mitochondria reduction, ethanol, nucleus

conversion, acetyl-CoA, mitochondria

_____ metabolism relies on oxygen to generate energy, while _____ metabolism occurs in the absence of oxygen. _____ activity intensity determines the reliance on either aerobic or _____ metabolism. Catabolic, anabolic, Resting, anabolic Anabolic, catabolic, Sleeping, catabolic Anaerobic, aerobic, Mental, aerobic Aerobic, anaerobic, Physical, anaerobic

Aerobic, anaerobic, Physical, anaerobic

_____ bodies are produced during the _____ of fatty acids in the _____ when glucose availability is _____, such as during _____, prolonged _____ or low-carbohydrate diets. Carbohydrate, digestion, intestine, sufficient, snacking, walking Ketone, breakdown, liver, limited, fasting, exercise Protein, synthesis, muscle, abundant, eating, resting Lipid, storage, adipose, excessive, feeding, sleeping

Ketone, breakdown, liver, limited, fasting, exercise

When a compound is _____, it _____ electrons, which often corresponds to a gain in _____ or a decrease in _____ state. dehydrated, releases, pressure, dehydration reduced, gains, energy, oxidation oxidized, loses, mass, reduction hydrated, absorbs, volume, hydration

reduced, gains, energy, oxidation

Amino acids that are converted to _____ through deamination _____ be used for gluconeogenesis, and they include the _____ amino acids such as leucine and _____. pyruvate, can, glucogenic, alanine lactate, should, non-essential, glycine acetyl-CoA, cannot, ketogenic, lysine glucose, may, essential, valine

acetyl-CoA, cannot, ketogenic, lysine

What is the difference between genotype frequencies and phenotype frequencies in a population? Phenotype frequencies are always higher than genotype frequencies. Genotype frequencies refer to genetic combinations, while phenotype frequencies refer to observable traits. Genotype frequencies refer to observable traits, while phenotype frequencies refer to genetic combinations. Genotype frequencies are always higher than phenotype frequencies.

Genotype frequencies refer to genetic combinations, while phenotype frequencies refer to observable traits.

Is the Hardy-Weinberg model considered realistic for studying populations? No, it only applies to small populations. Yes, it accounts for all evolutionary forces. No, it is a theoretical model used to compare actual data to determine if a population is evolving. Yes, it accurately predicts real-world genetic variations.

No, it is a theoretical model used to compare actual data to determine if a population is evolving.

What are the five conditions that must be met for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Small population size, mutation, gene flow, selective mating, natural selection Large population size, no mutation, no gene flow, random mating, no natural selection Small population size, no mutation, no gene flow, selective mating, no natural selection Large population size, mutation, gene flow, random mating, natural selection

Large population size, no mutation, no gene flow, random mating, no natural selection

What is the purpose of calculating Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in genetic studies? To serve as a null hypothesis to determine if a population is evolving. To predict the exact genetic makeup of future generations. To identify the most dominant allele in a population. To ensure that all populations remain genetically stable.

To serve as a null hypothesis to determine if a population is evolving.

Which of the following are families of DNA viruses? Reoviridae, Togaviridae, Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae Retroviridae, Flaviviridae, Coronaviridae, Picornaviridae Parvoviridae, Adenoviridae, Papovaviridae, Herpesviridae, Hepadnaviridae Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Filoviridae, Rhabdoviridae

Parvoviridae, Adenoviridae, Papovaviridae, Herpesviridae, Hepadnaviridae

What is the mode of transmission for Parvovirus B-19? Direct contact with vesicular lesions Sexual contact Contact with respiratory droplets Blood transfusion

Contact with respiratory droplets

Which diseases are associated with Parvovirus B-19? Infectious Mononucleosis, Splenomegaly Erythema infectiosum, Aplastic Crisis, Hydrops fetalis Genital warts, Cervical carcinoma Conjunctivitis, Pharyngitis, Bronchitis

Erythema infectiosum, Aplastic Crisis, Hydrops fetalis

What is Hydrops fetalis and what causes it? A disease causing splenomegaly A condition leading to conjunctivitis Death of fetus due to severe anemia A rash with a 'slapped cheek' appearance

Death of fetus due to severe anemia

What are the symptoms of Erythema infectiosum? Genital warts, cervical carcinoma Splenomegaly, fever, sore throat Conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis Bright red cheek rash, fever, coryza, sore throat

Bright red cheek rash, fever, coryza, sore throat

What is the mode of transmission for adenovirus? Blood transfusion Sexual contact Contact with respiratory droplets Direct contact with vesicular lesions

Contact with respiratory droplets

What diseases are associated with adenovirus? Genital warts, cervical carcinoma Conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, acute gastroenteritis Infectious Mononucleosis, splenomegaly Erythema infectiosum, aplastic crisis

Conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, acute gastroenteritis

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