Why is it important to measure a patient's intake and output in clinical settings? To monitor blood pressure levels To evaluate the patient's respiratory function To ensure nutrient intake and waste elimination are balanced To assess the patient's hydration status

To ensure nutrient intake and waste elimination are balanced

When recording intake and output, how should ice chips be converted to mL? 6 oz ice chips = 200 mL = 100 mL 6 oz ice chips = 120 mL = 60 mL 6 oz ice chips = 180 mL = 90 mL 6 oz ice chips = 150 mL = 75 mL

6 oz ice chips = 180 mL = 90 mL

What are common signs of fluid volume deficit that nurses should monitor? Fluid in the lungs and warm skin Tachycardia and dry mucous membranes Bounding pulse and JVD Hypertension and edema

Tachycardia and dry mucous membranes

What are the normal calcium levels, and what symptoms indicate hypocalcemia? 7.0-9.0 mg/dL; confusion and fatigue 8.0-10.0 mg/dL; headache and dizziness 8.2-10.6 mg/dL; muscle twitching and spasms 9.0-11.0 mg/dL; nausea and vomiting

8.2-10.6 mg/dL; muscle twitching and spasms

What is the normal range for sodium levels, and what are symptoms of hypernatremia? 135-145 mEq/L; disorientation and dehydration 130-140 mEq/L; muscle cramps and weakness 120-130 mEq/L; fatigue and headache 140-150 mEq/L; nausea and vomiting

135-145 mEq/L; disorientation and dehydration

What is included in a basic metabolic panel, and why is it important? Cholesterol, triglycerides; to evaluate lipid levels Liver enzymes, bilirubin; to monitor liver function Glucose, BUN, creatinine; to assess metabolic function Hemoglobin, hematocrit; to check for anemia

Glucose, BUN, creatinine; to assess metabolic function

What is phlebitis, and what should be done if it occurs? Inflammation of a vein; discontinue the IV and apply warm compress Infection at the IV site; administer antibiotics Leakage of IV fluid; elevate the limb and apply cold compress Allergic reaction to IV fluid; stop the infusion and notify the provider

Inflammation of a vein; discontinue the IV and apply warm compress

What is infiltration in the context of IV therapy? Inflammation of the vein Infection at the IV site Allergic reaction to the IV fluid Leakage of IV fluid into the tissue space

Leakage of IV fluid into the tissue space

first known bacteria living in harsh environments and can perform chemosynthesis Cyanobacteria The first eukaryotes (2) Reproduction and Inheritance Archaebacteria in Chemosynthesis

Archaebacteria in Chemosynthesis

a symbiotic relationship where one organism lives inside the other Reproduction and Inheritance The first eukaryotes (4) Endosymbiosis in the first eukaryotes Forms and Functions

Endosymbiosis in the first eukaryotes

Abnormal implantation causes bleeding in the third trimester of pregnancy as the cervix begins to dilate/efface. What is the COCA assessment for lochia? What is placental abruption? When does preeclampsia become HELLP syndrome? What can placenta previa cause?

What can placenta previa cause?

Refrain from performing vaginal exams/inserting anything into the vagina; may exacerbate bleeding. What are contraindicated interventions for placenta previa? What are common complaints by patients experiencing placental abruption? What are delivery options in UCP? What is tissue in PPH? How can we treat it?

What are contraindicated interventions for placenta previa?

HTN with the presence of proteinuria What are the two classifications used to move from gestational HTN to preeclampsia? What is thrombin in PPH? How can we treat it? What should be done if there is a positive one hour GTT? What is tissue in PPH? How can we treat it?

What are the two classifications used to move from gestational HTN to preeclampsia?

Transition occurs when there is hepatic dysfunction & hematologic effects caused by the preeclampsia. What are delivery options in UCP? What therapeutic communication can we provide for mom diagnosed with GDM? When does preeclampsia become HELLP syndrome? What is lochia rubra?

When does preeclampsia become HELLP syndrome?

Hemolysis (anemia/jaundice) Elevated liver enzymes (ALT/AST, RUQ pain, & N/V) Low platelets (thrombocytopenia) resulting in abnormal bleeding/clotting. What should be done if there is a positive one hour GTT? What are mechanisms to promote uterine involution? What is HELLP syndrome broken down? What should we tell mothers about exercise in pregnancy?

What is HELLP syndrome broken down?

Labs; CBC, ALT, C-reactive protein What are risk factors for PP endometritis, mastitis, & infections? How is HELLP syndrome diagnosed? Why would we use an IUPC? What should be done if there is a positive one hour GTT?

How is HELLP syndrome diagnosed?

Labetalol, Hydralazine, Nifedipine, & Methyldopa. AVOID ACEI's & ARBS. What is mastitis? How can it be treated? What medications can we use to treat HTN in preeclampsia? What is lochia alba? What are interventions for shoulder dystocia?

What medications can we use to treat HTN in preeclampsia?

what is the structure the black arrow is pointing to? yellow arrow? red arrow? yellow circle posterior inferior lung field black-> brachial artery yellow arrow-> bone yellow circle-> median nerve red -> basilic vein lung sliding pleural effusion

black-> brachial artery yellow arrow-> bone yellow circle-> median nerve red -> basilic vein

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