When comparing DNA and RNA viruses, which mutate more quickly, and why? They all mutate at the same rate RNA viruses, because no proofreading is done on RNA molecules DNA viruses, because the host cell's proofreading enzymes do not work on viral DNA DNA viruses, because they usually have larger genomes and thus more loci for mutations to occur

RNA viruses, because no proofreading is done on RNA molecules

The avian flu virus H5N1 is considered a greater long-term threat than the swine flu virus H1N1 because __________. it is more readily transmitted between human hosts more people eat chicken meat than pork it has a significantly higher mortality rate H5N1 is a DNA virus and the similarity of genome chemistry can promote greater virulence and therefore likelihood of death in humans

it has a significantly higher mortality rate

Which of the following events occurs during the lytic life cycle of phages? The host cell usually lives and secretes the copies of the virus. The phage capsid fuses with the host cell membrane, thus allowing the viral genome to be inserted into the host cell. The phage enters the host cell intact during infection. The host cell usually dies, releasing many new copies of the virus.

The host cell usually dies, releasing many new copies of the virus.

Class IV viruses are characterized by which of the following types of genomes? single-stranded DNA double-stranded RNA single-stranded RNA that serves as mRNA double-stranded DNA

single-stranded RNA that serves as mRNA

Prions are __________ that are thought to cause disease by __________. mutant DNA molecules; encoding toxic proteins an abnormal type of capsid; dramatically enhancing the rate of viral infection RNA molecules; encoding toxic proteins abnormally shaped proteins; inducing similar but normally shaped proteins in the brain to adopt the abnormal form

abnormally shaped proteins; inducing similar but normally shaped proteins in the brain to adopt the abnormal form

Restriction enzymes help defend bacteria against viral infections by __________. preventing the synthesis of viral capsomeres in the cell preventing entry of the viral DNA into the cell cutting viral DNA once it has entered the cell preventing the binding of the virus to the cell surface

cutting viral DNA once it has entered the cell

How does a retrovirus like HIV enter a host cell? HIV binds to the host cell and injects its DNA. HIV passes through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. Glycoproteins on the viral envelope bind to receptors on the host cell. The viral envelope fuses with the host cell's plasma membrane, facilitating uptake of the virus by the host cell. HIV binds to the host cell and injects its RNA.

Glycoproteins on the viral envelope bind to receptors on the host cell. The viral envelope fuses with the host cell's plasma membrane, facilitating uptake of the virus by the host cell.

Viruses

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Biology - Virology

user_hodr Created by 9 mon ago

Cards in this deck(28)

When comparing DNA and RNA viruses, which mutate more quickly, and why?

The avian flu virus H5N1 is considered a greater long-term threat than the swine flu virus H1N1 because __________.

Which of the following events occurs during the lytic life cycle of phages?

Class IV viruses are characterized by which of the following types of genomes?

Animals that harbor and can transmit a particular virus but are generally unaffected by it are said to act as a __________ for that virus.

Prions are __________ that are thought to cause disease by __________.

Some viruses have membranous envelopes. Where do viral envelopes typically originate from?

Restriction enzymes help defend bacteria against viral infections by __________.

How does a retrovirus like HIV enter a host cell?

Viral DNA incorporated into a bacterial chromosome is known as a(n) __________.

Which of the following is not a class I virus?

Reverse transcription, carried out by retroviruses, is the process by which __________.

How do prions propagate and replicate themselves?

Why are viruses often considered to be nonliving?

Which of the following is an example of vertical transmission of a virus in plants?

Viruses that infect bacteria are called __________.

A widespread outbreak of a viral disease is called a(n) __________, and a global outbreak is called a(n) __________.

Candidates for the original source of viral genomes include __________.

Circular RNA molecules that function like a virus in plants are termed __________.

Vaccines for viral diseases are __________ and help prevent infection by __________.

When a virus infects an E. coli cell, what part of the virus enters the bacterial cytoplasm?

HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, only infects certain cells within the immune system. This is because __________.

A phage that inserts itself into the host DNA is called __________.

Genomes of viruses may consist of which of the following types of nucleic acids?

Which of the following statements correctly describes one difference between virulent phages and temperate phages?

Why can flare-ups of herpes virus infection recur throughout a person's life?

The phage reproductive cycle that kills the bacterial host cell is a __________ cycle, and a phage that always reproduces this way is a __________ phage.

Viruses can vary with respect to all of the following characteristics except __________.

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