How do you think each of the following would affect a company’s ability to attract new capital and the flotation (issuing) costs involved in doing so?

a. The decision to list a company’s stock; the stock now trades in the over-the-counter market

b. The decision of a privately held company to go public

c. An increasing importance of institutions in the stock and bond markets

d. The continuing trend toward financial conglomerates as opposed to stand-alone investment banking houses

e. An increase in the number of shelf registrations