Kagle design engineers are in the process of developing a new green product, one that will signicantly reduce impact on the environment and yet still

Kagle design engineers are in the process of developing a new €œgreen€ product, one that will significantly reduce impact on the environment and yet still provide the desired customer functionality. Currently, two designs are being considered. The manager of Kagle has told the engineers that the cost for the new product cannot exceed $550 per unit (target cost). In the past, the Cost Accounting Department has given estimated costs using a unit-based system. At the request of the Engineering Department, Cost Accounting is providing both unit- and activity-based accounting information (made possible by a recent pilot study producing the activity-based data).
Unit-based system:
Variable conversion activity rate: $100 per direct labor hour
Material usage rate: $20 per part
ABC system:
Labor usage: $15 per direct labor hour
Material usage (direct materials): $20 per part
Machining: $75 per machine hour
Purchasing activity: $150 per purchase order
Setup activity: $3,000 per setup hour
Warranty activity: $500 per returned unit (usually requires extensive rework)
Customer repair cost: $25 per repair hour (average)
Activity and Resource Information (annual estimates)

Required:
1. Select the lower-cost design using unit-based costing. Are logistical and post-purchase activities considered in this analysis?
2. Select the lower-cost design using ABC analysis. Explain why the analysis differs from the unit-based analysis.
3. What if the post-purchase cost was an environmental contaminant and amounted to $10 per unit for Design A and $40 per unit for Design B? Assume that the environmental cost is borne by society. Now which is the better design?

Design A Design B 25,000 275,000 parts 120,000 hours Units produced Direct material usage Labor usage Machine hours Purchase orders Setup hours Returned units Repair time (customer) 25,000 300,000 parts 50,000 hours 50,000 2,000 600 1,000 2,000 60,000 1,500 200 250 500