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Elementary Statistics 11th Edition Robert R. Johnson, Patricia J. Kuby - Solutions
Did you know... The more you learn the more you earn.¢ Dont quit your job.¢ Obtain your degree online on your schedule.¢ Earn more money.a. Examine this bar graph and describe how it is misleading. Be very specific. b. Redraw the bar graph, correcting
“What’s wrong with this picture?”That’s the question one should be asking when viewing the graphs in Applied Example 2.16 on page 103. a. Find and describe at least four features of the frontpage graph that are incorrectly used. b. Find and describe at least two features about the
Did you know that 17.1% is more than double 15.6%? Ridiculous! you say.a. Explain how the graph suggests such a relationship. b. How could this misrepresentation be corrected? c. Redraw this graph to correctly show the relationship between 17.1% and 15.6%.
The pie chart is drawn correctly, but it gives an incorrect impression.a. The area of each circle segment should be proportional to the percentage it represents. Explain how you can use the ribs of the umbrella to verify that the segments are correctly drawn. b. Explain why and how the graph is
This statistical offering is a rather clever graphic using artistic license along with bills as the bars of a bar graph. An “A for effort,” as you have heard before, but the scale aspects of the graph have been compromised. a. Identify how and where the scale for percentage is
What kinds of financial transactions do you do online? Are you worried about your security? According to Consumer Internet Barometer, the source of a March 25, 2009, USA Today Snapshot titled “Security of online accounts,” the following transactions and percent of people concerned about their
Who believes in the 5-second rule? Most people say food dropped on the floor is not safe to eat.a. Draw a circle graph depicting the percentages of adults for each response. b. If 300 adults are to be surveyed, what frequencies would you expect to occur for each response on
The supplies needed for a baby during his or her first year can be expensiveaveraging $5000, as shown in this divided bar graph.a. Construct a circle graph showing this same information. b. Construct a bar graph showing this same information. c. Compare the appearance of the divided bar
There are many types of statistical graphs one can choose from when picturing a set of data. The divided bar graph shown next page is an alternative to the circle graph.a. Construct a circle graph showing this same information. b. Compare the appearance of the divided bar
The American Time Use Survey presented at the beginning of the chapter outlined the time use of an average weekday for full-time university and college students. Category Hours Sleeping........... 8.3 Leisure and sports....... 3.9 Educational activities...... 3.2 Working and
Once a student graduates from college, a whole new set of issues and concerns seem to come into play. A Charles Schwab survey of 1252 adults, ages 22–28, was done by Lieberman Research Worldwide. The results were reported in the USA Today Snapshot “Most important issues facing young adults”
The U.S. Census Bureau posted the following 2007 age distribution for the people of Rhode Island. The 2005–2007 American Community Survey universe is limited to the household population and excludes the population living in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. a. Construct
Identify each of the following as examples of (1) attribute (qualitative) or (2) numerical (quantitative) variables. a. Scores registered by people taking their written state automobile driver’s license examination b. Whether or not a motorcycle operator possesses a valid motorcycle operator’s
Identify each of the following as examples of (1) attribute (qualitative) or (2) numerical (quantitative) variables. a. The amount of weight lost in the past month by a person following a strict diet b. Batting averages of Major League Baseball players c. Decisions by the jury in felony trials d.
Consider samples A and B. Notice that the two samples are the same except that the 8 in A has been replaced by a 9 in B.What effect does changing the 8 to a 9 have on each of the following statistics? a. Mean b. Median c. Mode d. Midrange e. Range f. Variance g. Std. dev.
Consider samples C and D. Notice that the two samples are the same except for two values.What effect does changing the two 60s to 30 and 90 have on each of the following statistics? a. Mean b. Median c. Mode d. Midrange e. Range f. Variance g. Std. dev.
The addition of a new accelerator is claimed to decrease the drying time of latex paint by more than 4%. Several test samples were conducted with the following percentage decreases in drying time:a. Find the sample mean. b. Find the sample standard deviation. c. Do you think these percentages
Gasoline pumped from a suppliers pipeline is supposed to have an octane rating of 87.5. On 13 consecutive days, a sample of octane ratings was taken and analyzed, with the following results:a. Find the sample mean. b. Find the sample standard deviation. c. Do you think these readings
These data are the ages of 118 known offenders who committed an auto theft last year in Garden City, Michigan:a. Find the mean. b. Find the median. c. Find the mode. d. Find Q1 and Q3. e. Find P10 and P95.
The Office of Aviation Enforcement and Proceedings, U.S. Department of Transportation, posted this table listing the number of consumer complaints against top U.S. airlines by complaint category.a. Construct a Pareto diagram depicting this information. b. What complaints would you recommend the
A survey of 32 workers at building 815 of Eastman Kodak Company was taken last May. Each worker was asked: How many hours of television did you watch yesterday?The results were as follows:a. Construct a stem-and-leaf display. b. Find the mean. c. Find the median. d. Find
The stopping distance on a wet surface was determined for 25 cars, each traveling at 30 miles per hour.The data (in feet) are shown on the following stem and leaf display:Find the mean and the standard deviation of these stopping distances.
Each year, Sports Illustrated ranks the highest-earning athletes in the United States. Their earnings include their salary/winnings as well as endorsements. Often the endorsements are more lucrative than their earnings. The top 20 earnings for 2008 are listed in the following table (in millions of
The Office of Aviation Enforcement and Proceedings, U.S. Department of Transportation, reported the number of mishandled baggage reports filed per 1000 airline passengers during October 2007. The industry average was 5.36.a. Define the terms population and variable with regard to this
One of the first scientists to study the density of nitrogen was Lord Raleigh. He noticed that the density of nitrogen produced from the air seemed to be greater than the density of nitrogen produced from chemical compounds. Do his conclusions seem to be justified even though he had so little
The lengths (in millimeters) of 100 brown trout in pond 2-B at Happy Acres Fish Hatchery on June 15 of last year were as follows:a. Find the mean. b. Find the median. c. Find the mode. d. Find the midrange. e. Find the range. f. Find Q1 and Q3. g. Find the midquartile. h. Find P35 and P64. i.
The national highway system is made up of interstate and non interstate highways. The Federal Highway Administration reported the number of miles of each type in each state. Listed is a random sample of 20.Define ratio I/N to be number of interstate miles divided by number
The National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, posted the area (sq. mi.) and the 2000 population for the 48 contiguous U.S. states.When studying how many people live in a country as vast and varied as the United States, perhaps a more interesting
The volume of Christmas trees sold annually in the United States has declined in recent decades according to a USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service report. All 50 states report contributions to the total U.S. sale of about 25 million Christmas trees annually. Furthermore, each state
Who ate the M&s? The following table gives the color counts and net weight (in grams) for a sample of 30 bags of M&Ms. The advertised net weight is 47.9 grams per bag.There is something about one case in this dataset that is suspiciously inconsistent with the rest of the
The number of points scored during each game by a high school basketball team last season was as follows: 56, 54, 61, 71, 46, 61, 55, 68, 60, 66, 54, 61, 52, 36, 64, 51. Construct a dotplot of these data.
For a normal (or bell-shaped) distribution, find the percentile rank that corresponds to: a. z = 2 b. z = - 1 c. Sketch the normal curve, showing the relationship between the z-score and the percentiles for parts a and b.
For a normal (or bell-shaped) distribution, find the z-score that corresponds to the kth percentile: a. k = 20 b. k = 95 c. Sketch the normal curve, showing the relationship between the z-score and the percentiles for parts a and b.
Bill and Rob are good friends although they attend different high schools in their city. The city school system uses a battery of fitness tests to test all high school students. After completing the fitness tests, Bill and Rob are comparing their scores to see who did better in each event. They
Twins Jean and Joan Wong are in fifth grade (different sections), and the class has been given a series of ability tests. If the scores for these ability tests are approximately normally distributed, which girl has the higher relative score on each of the skills listed? Explain your answers.
Manufacturing specifications are often based on the results of samples taken from satisfactory pilot runs. The following data resulted from just such a situation, in which eight pilot batches were completed and sampled. The resulting particle sizes are in angstroms (where 1 Å = 10_8 cm): 3923
Delco Products, a division of General Motors, produces a bracket that is used as part of a power doorlock assembly. The length of this bracket is constantly being monitored. A sample of 30 power door brackets had the following lengths (in millimeters):a. Without doing any calculations, what would
The manager of Jerrys Barber Shop recently asked his last 50 customers to punch a time card when they first arrived at the shop and to punch out right after they paid for their haircut. He then used the data on the cards to measure how long it took Jerry and his barbers to cut hair and
The dotplot below shows the number of attempted passes thrown by the quarterbacks for 22 of the NFL teams that played on one particular Sunday afternoon.a. Describe the distribution, including how points A and B relate to the others.b. If you remove point A, and maybe point B, would you say the
Starting with the data values of 70 and 85, add three data values to your sample so that the sample has the following: (Justify your answer in each case.) a. A standard deviation of 5 b. A standard deviation of 10 c. A standard deviation of 15 d. Compare your three samples and the variety of values
In a July 8, 2009, USA Today article titled Couples saying I dont to expensive weddings, the cutbacks may not be extending to the number of attendants. In a survey of recent weddings, the number of bridesmaids was as follows:a. Construct a
Make up a set of 18 data (think of them as exam scores) so that the sample meets each of these sets of criteria: a. Mean is 75, and standard deviation is 10. b. Mean is 75, maximum is 98, minimum is 40, and standard deviation is 10. c. Mean is 75, maximum is 98, minimum is 40, and standard
Construct two different graphs of the points (62, 2), (74, 14), (80, 20), and (94, 34). a. On the first graph, along the horizontal axis, lay off equal intervals and label them 62, 74, 80, and 94; lay off equal intervals along the vertical axis and label them 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40. Plot the points
Use a computer to generate a random sample of 500 values of a normally distributed variable x with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 20. Construct a histogram of the 500 values. a. Use the computer commands on page 90 to randomly generate a sample of 500 data from a normal distribution with
Repeat Exercise 2.202 using populations with different shaped distributions. a. Use a uniform or rectangular distribution. (Replace the subcommands used in Exercise 2.202; in place of NORMAL use: UNIFORM with a low of 50 and a high of 150, and use class boundaries of 50 to 150 in increments of
How often do they occur? What do we do with them? Complete part a to see how often outliers can occur. Then complete part b to decide what to do with outliers. a. Use the technology of your choice to take samples of various sizes (10, 30, 100, 300 would be good choices) from a normal distribution
Shown below are the heights (in inches) of the basketball players who were the first-round picks by National Basketball Association professional teams for 2009.a. Construct a dotplot of the heights of these players. b. Use the dotplot to uncover the shortest and the tallest players. c. What is the
The table lists the median house selling prices for the 20 suburbs of Rochester, New York, as listed in the July 18, 2009, Democrat & Chronicle.a. Construct a dotplot of these data. b. Describe the distribution displayed by the dotplot found in part a.
Delco Products, a division of General Motors, produces commutators designed to be 18.810 mm in overall length. (A commutator is a device used in the electrical system of an automobile.) The following sample of 35 commutator lengths was taken while monitoring the manufacturing process:Use a computer
A computer was used to construct this dotplot below.a. How many data values are shown? b. List the values of the five smallest data. c. What is the value of the largest data item? d. What value occurred the greatest number of times? How many times did it occur?
Construct a stem-and-leaf display of the number of points scored during each basketball game last season:
The amounts shown here are the fees charged by Quik Delivery for the 40 small packages it delivered last Thursday afternoon:a. Construct a stem-and-leaf display. b. Based on the stem-and-leaf display, describe the distribution of the data.
a. Form an ungrouped frequency distribution of the following data:Referring to the preceding distribution: b. Explain what f _ 5 represents. c. What is the sum of the frequency column? d. What does this sum represent?
The players on the Womens National Soccer Team scored 84 points during the 2008 season. The number of goals for those players who scored were:a. If you want to show the number of goals scored by each player, would it be more appropriate to display this information on a bar graph or a
The California Department of Education gives an annual report on the Advanced Placement test results for each year. In the 20072008 school year, Hughson Unified in Stanislaus County had students with the following scores:a. Construct an ungrouped frequency distribution for the test
The U.S.Womens Olympic Soccer team had a great year in 2008. One way to describe the players on that team is by their individual heights.a. Construct an ungrouped frequency distribution for the heights. b. Construct a frequency histogram of this distribution. c. Prepare a relative
The U.S. Census Bureau posted the following 2006 Report on America’s Families and Living Arrangements for all races. No. in Household Percentage 1............ 27% 2............ 33% 3............ 17% 4............ 14% 5............ 6% 6............ 2% 7+............ 1% a. Draw a
The 2006 American Community Survey universe is limited to household population and excludes the population living in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. The accompanying table lists the number of rooms in each of the 48,522 housing units in Ellis County, Texas. Rooms
Here are the ages of 50 dancers who responded to a call to audition for a musical comedy:a. Prepare an ungrouped frequency distribution of these ages. b. Prepare an ungrouped relative frequency distribution of the same data. c. Prepare a relative frequency histogram of these data. d. Prepare a
The opening-round scores for the Ladies Professional Golf Association tournament at Locust Hill Country Club were posted as follows:a. Form an ungrouped frequency distribution of these scores. b. Draw a histogram of the first-round golf scores. Use the frequency distribution from part a.
Results from a Self.com poll on “What is your top cold-weather beauty concern?” were reported in the December 2008 issue of Self magazine: Dry skin—57%; Chapped lips—25%; Dull hair—10%; Rough feet—8%. a. Construct a pie chart showing the top cold-weather beauty concerns. b. Construct
Figuring where lightning strikes will occur is a nearly impossible task. When lightning strikes occur, however, has become more predictable based on research. For a small area in Colorado, data were collected and the results are displayed in the histogram that follows. Based on the histogram:a.
A survey of 100 resort club managers on their annual salaries resulted in the following frequency distribution:a. The data value 35 belongs to which class? b. Explain the meaning of 3545. c. Explain what class width
The KSW computer science aptitude test was given to 50 students.The following frequency distribution resulted from their scores:a. What are the class boundaries for the class with the largest frequency? b. Give all the class midpoints associated with this frequency distribution. c. What is the
During the Spring 2009 semester, 200 students took a statistics test from a particular instructor. The resulting grades are given in the following table. Test grades Number 50–60........ 13 60–70........ 44 70–80........ 74 80–90........ 59 90–100........
The speeds of 55 cars were measured by a radar device on a city street:a. Classify these data into a grouped frequency distribution by using class boundaries 1218, 1824, . . . , 4854. b. Find the class width. c. For the class 2430, find the class
The hemoglobin A1c test, a blood test given to diabetic patients during their periodic checkups, indicates the level of control of blood sugar during the past 2 to 3 months. The following data values were obtained for 40 different diabetic patients at a university clinic:a. Classify these A1c
All of the third graders at Roth Elementary School were given a physical-fitness strength test. The following data resulted:a. Construct a dotplot. b. Prepare a grouped frequency distribution using classes 14, 47, and so on, and draw a histogram of the distribution. c.
People have marveled for years at the continuing eruptions of the geyser Old Faithful in Yellowstone National Park.The times of duration, in minutes, for a sample of 50 eruptions of Old Faithful are listed here.a. Draw a dotplot displaying the eruption-length data. b. Draw a histogram of the
The Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels reported the following data as the costs (in cents) of the average revenue per kilowatt-hour for sectors in Arkansas:a. Prepare a grouped frequency distribution for the average revenue per kilowatt-hour using class boundaries 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
American Payroll Association got a big response to this question about company dress code: “The current dress code at my company is . . .” Final results: a. A little too relaxed—27% b. A little too formal—15% c. Just right—58% Most people mentioned the importance of “comfort” in
Education has long been considered the ticket for upward mobility in the United States. In todays information age, a college education has become the minimum level of educational attainment needed to enter an increasingly competitive market for jobs with more than subsistence wages. A
Can you think of variables whose distribution might yield the following different shapes? a. A symmetrical, or normal, shape b. A uniform shape c. A skewed-to-the-right shape d. A skewed-to-the-left shape e. A bimodal shape
A survey of 100 resort club managers on their annual salaries resulted in the following frequency distribution.a. Prepare a cumulative frequency distribution for the annual salaries. b. Prepare a cumulative relative frequency distribution for the annual salaries. c. Construct an ogive for the
a. Prepare a cumulative relative frequency distribution for the variable “AP score” in Exercise 2.34. b. Construct an ogive of the distribution. c. Using the ogive, find the cumulative relative frequency for the score of 2. Describe its meaning. d. Using the answer in part c, approximately what
a. Prepare a cumulative relative frequency distribution for the variable “KSW test score” in Exercise 2.43. b. Construct an ogive of the distribution. c. Using the ogive, approximately what percent of the students scored no more than 16 on the KSW computer science aptitude test?
Undergraduates who use loans to pay for college average $16,500 in debt. The relative frequency distribution of their monthly debt after graduation is:a. Prepare a cumulative relative frequency distribution for the monthly debt. b. Construct an ogive for the cumulative relative frequency
American adults spend a large part of their weekdays at work. Commute times can make for an additionally long day. The size and location of the city along with the method of transportation can all make a difference in a commute time. The 2007 American Community Survey reported the following average
Explain why it is possible to find the mean for the data of a quantitative variable, but not for a qualitative variable.
How much more young Americans, 17- to 28-year-olds, say they are willing to pay for an environmentally friendly vehicle was reported in a USA Today Snapshot on February 5, 2009: A lot more—11%; Somewhat more— 36%; Slightly more—33%; Would not pay more—20%. a. Name the variable of
The number of children, x, belonging to each of eight families registering for swimming was 1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 5, 3. Find the mean, .
The cost of taking your pet aboard the air flight with you in the continental United States varies according to the airlines. The prices for 14 of the major U.S. airlines in June 2009 were (in dollars):Find the mean cost for flying your pet with you.
U.S. Interstate 64 runs between St. Louis, MO, at I-270 on the western end to Portsmouth, VA, at I-264 on the eastern end while passing through six states. The number of miles in each state is: Missouri—16 miles; Illinois—132 miles; Indiana—124 miles; Kentucky—191 miles; West Virginia—183
Interstate 29 intersects many other highways as it crosses four states in Mid-America stretching from the southern end in Kansas City,MO, at I-35 to the northern end in Pembina, ND, at the Canadian border.Consider the variable distance between intersections. a. Find the mean
What is the mean weekly pay if 5 employees earn $425 per week, 3 earn $750 per week, and 1 earns $1340?
Is it possible for eight employees to earn between $300 and $350 while a ninth earns $1250 per week, and the mean to be $430? Verify your answer.
Find the median height of a basketball team: 73, 76, 72, 70, and 74 inches.
Find the median rate paid at Jim’s Burgers if the workers’ hourly rates are $4.25, $4.15, $4.90, $4.25, $4.60, $4.50, $4.60, $4.75.
For those seventh graders with cell phones, the number of programmed numbers in their phones are:a. Find the mean number of programmed numbers on a seventh graders cell phone. b. Find the median number of programmed numbers on a seventh graders cell phone. c. Explain the
The number of points scored by the winning teams on October 28, 2008, the opening night of the 20082009NBA season, are listed below.a. Draw a bar graph of these scores using a vertical scale ranging from 80 to 110. b. Draw a bar graph of the scores using a vertical scale ranging from 50
demonstrates the effect one data value can have on the mean and on the median. a. Move the red dot to the far right. What happens to the mean? What happens to the median? b. Move the red dot to the far left. What happens to the mean? What happens to the median? c. Which measure of central
The number of cars per apartment, owned by a sample of tenants in a large complex, is 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2. What is the mode?
Each year around 160 colleges compete in the American Society of Civil Engineer’s National Concrete Canoe Competition. Each team must design a seaworthy canoe from concrete, a substance not known for its capacity to float. The canoes must weigh between 100 and 350 pounds. When last year’s
a. Find the mean, median, mode, and midrange for the sample data 9, 6, 7, 9, 10, 8. b. Verify and discuss the relationship between the answers in part a, as shown in Figure 2.20 on page 67.
Consider the sample 2, 4, 7, 8, 9. Find the following: a. Mean, b. Median, c. Mode d. Midrange
Consider the sample 6, 8, 7, 5, 3, 7. Find the following: a. Mean, b. Median, c. Mode d. Midrange
Fifteen randomly selected college students were asked to state the number of hours they slept the previous night. The resulting data values are 5, 6, 6, 8, 7, 7, 9, 5, 4, 8, 11, 6, 7, 8, 7. Find the following: A. Mean, B. Median, C. Mode D. Midrange
A random sample of 10 of the 2007 NASCAR drivers produced the following ages:a. Find the mean age for the ten 2007 NASCAR drivers. b. Find the median age for the ten 2007 NASCAR drivers. c. Find the midrange of age for the ten 2007 NASCAR drivers. d. Find the mode, if one exists, for age for the
In January 2009 the unemployment rate in all of New York City was 7.3. The unemployment rates for the five counties forming New York City were: 9.7, 7.7, 6.7, 6.6, 6.5. a. Do you think the unemployment rate for the whole city and the mean unemployment rate for the five counties are the same?
A constant objective in the manufacture of contact lenses is to improve those features that affect lens power and visual acuity. One such feature involves the tooling from which lenses are ultimately manufactured. The results of initial process development runs were examined for critical feature
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