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A Pathway To Introductory Statistics 1st Edition Jay Lehmann - Solutions
A histogram of the numbers of murders per state in 2012 is shown in Fig. 87 for the 50 states.a. If there were two outliers, then estimate what they would be. For each of your estimates, find the largest possible error.b. Describe the shape of the distribution.c. Estimate the number of states that
The Gallup Organization® classifies Americans as very religious if they say religion is an important part of their daily lives and that they attend religious services every week or al-most every week. In 2013, 175 thousand American adults were surveyed about whether they are very religious. A
In Exercise 35 of Homework 3.3, you analyzed the ages of 1098 people (on foot or in a vehicle) stopped by police in New York City on December 1, 2012. Without being able to view the police reports or interview the police officers, the author did his best to clean up the data. The ages (in years) of
Freshman tuitions (in thousands of dollars) at Penn State Harrisburg are described by the time-series plots in Figs. 124 and 125 for various years, where the starting year of each academic year is shown on the horizontal axis.Fig. 124Fig. 125a. If the college wants to de-emphasize how much its
The sea ice extent is the area of the ocean where at least 15% of the surface is frozen. The average sea ice extents (in million square kilometers) of the Northern Hemisphere are described by the time-series plots in Figs. 126 and 127 for the months of September in various years.Fig. 126Fig. 127a.
The United States€™ market shares (percentages) of world manufacturing are described by the time-series plots in Figs. 128 and 129 for various years.Fig. 128Fig. 129a. If the Obama administration wants to de-emphasize how much the U.S. market share of world manufacturing has decreased, which
The annual revenues (in billions of dollars) of Nike® are described by the bar graph in Fig. 130 for various years.a. Explain why the bar graph is misleading.b. Construct a time-series plot of the data. Explain why this graph is not misleading.c. If someone does not look carefully, which graph
The annual revenues (in billions of dollars) of eBay® are described by the bar graph in Fig. 131 for various years.a. Explain why the bar graph is misleading.b. Construct a time-series plot of the data. Explain why this graph is not misleading.c. If someone does not look carefully, which graph
A total of 470 adults were asked the following question: €œWhich statement best describes your own view about increasing the use of nuclear power to generate electricity in the United States? Do you strongly favor, favor, oppose, or strongly oppose such an increase? The total percentages of
The top five countries in wine consumption and their consumptions (in millions of gallons) are described by the three- dimensional graph in Fig. 133.a. What is confusing about the three-dimensional graph?b. The correct wine consumptions are given in Table 52. What type of graph could describe the
For a bar graph or a time-series plot, why is it important that the numbers written on the vertical axis increase by the same amount and are equally spaced?
If a distribution is bimodal, explain why a frequency histogram would make the distribution appear unimodal if a large enough class width is used. Should such a class width be used? Explain.
If the categories for a bar graph are various years and those years do not increase by the same amount, explain why the bar graph can be misleading. What would be a better type of graph to use?
The histograms in Fig. 114 and Fig. 115 describe the high temperatures (in degrees Fahrenheit) in San Mateo, California, on each day of May 2014. Fig. 114 uses class widths of 3°F, and Fig. 115 uses class widths of 7°F.Fig. 114Fig. 115a. In San Mateo in May, there tend to be two types of weather:
The histograms in Fig. 116 and Fig. 117 describe the percentages of adults who exercise for each of the 50 states. Figure 116 uses class widths of 3 percentage points, and Fig. 117 uses class widths of 4 percentage points.Fig. 116Fig. 117a. Describe the shape of the distribution as it appears in
For this exercise, we define the resale rate of a car to be the percentage of the sticker price the car is worth 5 years later. The resale rates of the cars with the 5 best resale rates are described by the bar graphs in Figs. 118 and 119.Fig. 118Fig. 119a. If Toyota wants to convince potential
The percentages of commuters who walk to work are described by the bar graphs in Figs. 120 and 121 for the five cities with the highest percentages.Fig. 120Fig. 121a. If Boston€™s mayor€™s office wants to convince people that the percentage of commuters who walk is much higher in its city
University of Massachusetts Boston tuitions (in thousands of dollars) are described by the time-series plots in Figs. 122 and 123 for various years, where the starting year of each academic year is shown on the horizontal axis.Fig. 122Fig. 123a. If the university wants to de-emphasize how much its
The surface-wave magnitude scale, Ms, measures the size of an earthquake. The Ms readings of earthquakes in the United States in 1985 are described by the histogram in Fig. 136.a. Describe the shape of the distribution.b. Identify the class that contains the 50th percentile, which is a measure of
The Solomon Islands are located northeast of Australia. The numbers of bird species per island are described by the density histogram in Fig. 137.a. Find the percentage of the islands that have between 50 and 59 bird species, inclusive.b. Find the percentage of the islands that have between 30 and
The Solomon Islands are located northeast of Australia. The numbers of bird species per island are described by the density histogram in Fig. 137.a. Describe the shape of the distribution. b. Identify the class that contains the 50th percentile, which is a measure of the center. c. Find the
The following data are the percentages of adult residents in the Western and Midwestern states who think life is getting better.a. Construct a dotplot of the distribution.b. Find the proportion of Western and Midwestern states in which between 54% and 64% of adult residents think life is getting
The following data are annual earnings (in millions of dollars) by the top 10 best paid DJs in 2014.a. Construct a stemplot of the distribution.b. If there were one outlier, what would it be? What does it mean in this situation?c. Find the 30th percentile. What does it mean in this situation?d. Use
Lego’s revenues (in billions of dollars) are shown in Table 56 for various years.Table 56Lego’s revenuesYearRevenue (billions of dollars)2010 …………………………………..1.02011 …………………………………..1.32012 …………………………………..1.62013
The following data are the numbers of threatened species of mammals for some randomly selected African countries.For parts (a), (b), and (c), begin with lower class limit 0 and class width 10.a. Construct a frequency and relative frequency table. Find relative frequencies to the third decimal
The numbers (in thousands) of cars stolen in 2013 for the four most-stolen car models are described by the bar graphs in Figs. 138 and 139.Fig. 138Fig. 139a. If a Chevrolet salesperson wants to convince a potential customer that Silverados are stolen much less often than Honda Civics and Accords,
The numbers (in thousands) of charter schools are described by the bar graph in Fig. 140 for various years.a. Why is the graph in Fig. 140 misleading?b. Construct a time-series plot of the data. Explain why this graph is not misleading.c. If someone does not look carefully, which graph makes it
The household types of first-time buyers of homes are described by the three-dimensional graph in Fig. 141.a. Why is the graph in Fig. 141 confusing?b. The correct relative frequencies are given in Table 57. What type of graph could describe the relative frequencies in a straightforward way?
Adults were surveyed about how often they are late to work. Their responses are summarized in the relative frequency bar graph in Fig. 134.a. Find the proportion of those surveyed who say they are late to work every day.b. Find the proportion of those surveyed who say they are NOT late to work
The following data are the genres of the top 20 U.S. music singles during the week of December 14, 2014.a. Construct a frequency and relative frequency table.b. Construct a frequency bar graph.c. Construct a relative frequency bar graph.d. What proportion of the observations are NOT country?e. What
In a 2014 study, some Americans were asked which fast-food restaurant has the best fries. Their responses and the relative frequencies are described by the pie chart in Fig. 135.a. Find the proportion of those surveyed who said the restaurant with the best fries was Wendy€™s.b. Find the
A total of 28,468 adults were asked whether they thought the U.S. government should reduce the income differences between the rich and the poor. Table 55 compares the adults€™ responses with their political party affiliations.a. What proportion of those surveyed think the government should take
A total of 28,468 adults were asked whether they thought the U.S. government should reduce the income differences between the rich and the poor. Table 55 compares the adults€™ responses with their political party affiliation.a. What proportion of those surveyed are NOT Republicans?b. What
Burger King€™s market shares (in percent) are described by the time-series plots in Figs. 146 and 147 for various years.Fig. 146Fig. 147a. If Burger King wants to de-emphasize how much its market share has decreased, which time-series plot would it want to refer to? Explain.b. From which
Here are the political parties of 15 students in one of the author€™s statistics classes:a. Construct a frequency and relative frequency table.b. Construct a frequency bar graph.c. Construct a relative frequency bar graph.d. Find the proportion of the observations who are NOT Republican.e. Find
A total of 8824 adults were asked, €œShould the number of immigrants to America nowadays be increased, be reduced, or remain the same?€ Table 58 compares the adults€™ responses with their political parties.a. What proportion of those surveyed are Republican OR think that the number of
The city and highway gas mileages (in miles per gallon) of all cars are described by the histograms in Fig 142 and Fig 143, respectively.Fig. 142Fig. 143a. Describe the shapes of the distributions.b. Compare the spreads of the distributions. What does your comparison mean in this situation?c. For
New York City taxi fares (in dollars) for the month of January 2013 are described by the density histogram in Fig. 145. There were fares over $60, but the bars in the density histogram would not be visible.a. Describe the shape of the distribution.b. The largest fare was $460. Is that an outlier?
New York City taxi fares (in dollars) for the month of January 2013 are described by the density histogram in Fig. 145. There were fares over $60, but the bars in the density histogram would not be visible.a. Estimate the percentile of a $20 fare.b. Estimate the fare at the 57th percentile. Round
The following data are the ages (in years) of the U.S. Supreme Court Justices.a. Construct a stemplot of the ages.b. Describe the shape of the distribution.c. Use the 50th percentile to measure the center.d. What proportion of the justices are at least 78 years in age?e. Find the percentile of the
Here are the damages (in billions of dollars) from the top 32 most destructive hurricanes:For parts (a), (b), and (c), begin with lower class limit 0 and class width 10.a. Construct a frequency and relative frequency table. Find relative frequencies to the third decimal place.b. Construct a
Five of the most highly paid CEOs in 2013 and their compensations (in millions of dollars) are shown in Table 15. Steve Ells and Monty Moran are co-CEOs of Chipotle.Let n be the number of CEOs listed in Table 15, and let xi be the compensation (in millions of dollars) of the CEO listed in the ith
12, 7, 9, 2, 10Find the mean and median of the data. Use the correct symbols.
9, 15, 4, 14, 13, 10, 12Find the mean and median of the data. Use the correct symbols.
31, 22, 40, 33, 30, 16, 35, 25Find the mean and median of the data. Use the correct symbols.
21, 10, 31, 17, 23, 24, 26, 22, 27, 19Find the mean and median of the data. Use the correct symbols.
8, 2, 6, 6, 8, 3, 9, 6, 2, 3Find the mean, median, and mode of the data.
5, 1, 0, 1, 4, 3, 5, 1, 2, 2, 0Find the mean, median, and mode of the data.
The following data are the numbers (in millions) of downloads of the top five most downloaded songs in the United States in 2013. Find the mean and the median of the numbers of downloads.4.76.15.56.54.4
The following data are the numbers (in millions) of times a song has been streamed for the top five most streamed songs in the United States in 2013. Find the mean and the median of the numbers of times a song has been streamed.490280257189171
The following data are the numbers of Academy Award best-actress and best-supporting-actress nominations for the top 10 nominated actresses.a. Find the mean.b. Find the median.c. Find the mode.d. Meryl Streep has been nominated for best actress and best supporting actress more than any other
The following data are the numbers of Academy Award best-actor and best-supporting-actor nominations for the top 15 nominated actors.a. Find the mean.b. Find the median.c. Find the mode.d. Jack Nicholson has been nominated for best actor and best supporting actor more than any other actor. How many
Compute the median number of texts the female students sent daily.The author surveyed students in one of his statistics classes about their genders, their ages (in years), the number of texts sent daily, the time (in hours) spent working weekly, and time (in hours) spent sleeping daily. The
The following data are the top 50 men€™s finish times (in minutes) in the 2013 ING New York City Marathon.a. Compute the mean.b. Compute the median.c. Construct a frequency histogram. Begin with lower class limit 120 minutes and class width 10 minutes.d. On the basis of the histogram you
The following data are the top 50 women€™s finish times (in minutes) in the 2013 ING New York City Marathon.a. Compute the mean.b. Compute the median.c. Construct a frequency histogram. Begin with lower class limit 140 minutes and class width 10 minutes. Describe the shape of the
The ages (in years) of Americans who broke one of more of their fingers from 2006 to 2007 are described by the density histogram in Fig. 31. The ages are rounded to the ones place.a. Identify which class contains the median.b. Estimate the percentile for the age 19 years.c. Estimate the 91st
The weights (in pounds) of type 2 diabetes patients from 2006 to 2007 are described by the density histogram in Fig. 32. The weights are rounded to the ones place.a. Describe the shape of the distribution. Which is larger, the mean or the median? Which is a better measure of the center? Explain. b.
The temperatures (in degrees Fahrenheit) in Indianapolis, Indiana, at various times of day and night on June 1, 2014, are described by the histogram in Fig. 33. The temperatures are rounded to the first decimal place.a. Identify which class contains the median.b. A student says the result you found
The temperatures (in degrees Fahrenheit) in Phoenix, Arizona, at various times of day and night on June 1, 2014, are described by the histogram in Fig. 34. The temperatures are rounded to the first decimal place.a. Identify which class contains the median.b. A student says your result in part (a)
The following data are the minimum wages (in dollars per hour) according to state law for the South Atlantic states as of April 3, 2014. The word none has been entered for South Carolina, which does not have a minimum wage according to state law.a. A student would like to measure the center of the
Here are the minimum wages (in dollars per hour) for Midwestern states as of April 3, 2014:a. Find the mean and median of the minimum wages for the Midwestern states.b. If 12 people earn minimum wages in the Midwest, one person per state, would, 12, 12M, or neither be the total income earned by the
The histogram in Fig. 35 describes the durations (in minutes) of up to 270 minutes of UFO sightings reported to the UFO National Reporting Center during the period May 14€“31, 2014.Fig. 35a. Describe the shape of the distribution.b. Which is larger, the mean or the median? Which is a better
The times of UFO sightings in the United States reported to the UFO National Reporting Center during the period May 14€“31, 2014, are described by the histograms in Fig. 37 (using number of hours since midnight) and Fig. 38 (using number of hours since noon).Fig. 37Fig. 38a. Explain why one
Histograms of the ages (in years) of the winners of best actress and best actor at the Academy Awards upon winning the awards are shown in Fig. 40.a. Is the distribution of ages of winners of best actress skewed left, skewed right, or symmetric? Which is larger, the mean or the median? Which is a
The amounts of time (in minutes) between eruptions of Old Faithful geyser during the first week of August 2011 are described by the histogram in Fig. 41.a. It is a common belief that Old Faithful erupts on the hour every hour. Is this true for the first week of August 20 11?b. Old Faithful has two
Histograms of the 2010 populations (in millions) and the numbers of seats in the House of Representatives, both by state, are shown in Fig. 42.a. The 435 seats in the House of Representatives are divided up among the 50 states on the basis of the sizes of their populations as of the most recent
Gallaudet University offers a liberal education and career development for deaf and hard-of-hearing students. A researcher sent surveys to 334 alumni who had graduated from Gallaudet between December 2010 and August 2011. Of 176 alumni who completed at least part of the survey, 134 were employed,
Researchers wanted to determine whether seeding (treating) isolated cumulus clouds in south Florida with silver iodide smoke increases rainfall. They randomly assigned 26 clouds to be seeded and 26 clouds to not be seeded. The amounts (in acre-feet) of rainfall from the clouds in the two groups are
Researchers wanted to determine whether calcium can lower the systolic blood pressure of African American men. They randomly assigned 21 men to two groups. Each member of one group took a calcium supplement for 12 weeks, and each member of the other group took a placebo during the same period. The
Refer to Exercise 49 on page 238 for a description of a study about seeding clouds.Exercise 49Researchers wanted to determine whether seeding (treating) isolated cumulus clouds in south Florida with silver iodide smoke increases rainfall. They randomly assigned 26 clouds to be seeded and 26 clouds
Refer to Exercise 50 for a description of a study about using calcium to lower systolic blood pressure.Exercise 50Researchers wanted to determine whether calcium can lower the systolic blood pressure of African American men. They randomly assigned 21 men to two groups. Each member of one group took
At the website Lending Club®, customers can either borrow money or fund money for others’ loans. Access the data about the loans funded at Lending Club in September, 2014, which are available at MyMathLab and at the Pearson Downloadable Student Resources for Math & Stats website.a. Construct
Access the data about worldwide volcanic eruptions, which are available at MyMathLab and at the Pearson Downloadable Student Resources for Math & Stats website.a. Construct a pie chart of the countries where volcanic eruptions occurred. In which three countries did almost half of the volcanic
The following data are the savings (in thousands of dollars) of five adults: 6, 9, 5, 1, and 13. a. Find the mean savings. b. Find the median savings. c. Suppose that the adult who had $13 thousand in savings wins $800 thousand (after taxes) from the lottery. So, the adult’s new savings is $813
The author surveyed the students in one of his statistics classes, asking how many Facebook friends they have. Here are some of their randomly selected responses:a. Compute the mean and the median. Compare the two results.b. Construct a frequency histogram. Begin with lower class limit 0 friends
The six most popular cosmetic surgeries and the numbers (in thousands) of those surgeries performed in 2013 are shown in Table 12. Table 12 Numbers of Cosmetic Surgeries Performed in 2013 Procedure Frequency (thousands) Breast Augmentation ………………. 290 Nose Reshaping
The names and the costs (in billions of dollars) of the six costliest U.S. hurricanes are shown in Table 13. Table 13 Costs of Six Costliest U.S. Hurricanes Name Cost (billions of dollars) Katrina ……………………. 105.8 Andrew ……………………. 45.6 Ike
The top four grossing superhero movies and their grosses (in millions of dollars adjusted to 2014 ticket prices) are shown in Table 14. Table 14 Grosses of Superhero Movies Movie Gross (millions of dollars) Marvel’s The Avengers ……………………………….. 641 The Dark Knight
7, 1, 5, 12, 5Find the mean, median, range, standard deviation, and variance for the given data. Use the correct symbols.
18, 3, 12, 15, 24, 5, 28, 15Find the mean, median, range, standard deviation, and variance for the given data. Use the correct symbols.
24, 13, 25, 39, 20, 23, 4, 23, 31, 18Find the mean, median, range, standard deviation, and variance for the given data. Use the correct symbols.
Here are the 2013 tuitions (in dollars) of 10 randomly selected 2-year, public colleges:a. Find the mean tuition.b. Find the standard deviation of the tuitions.c. The mean tuition of 10 randomly selected 2-year, private colleges is $13,475. The standard deviation is $4863. Which sample of colleges
Here are the 2013 tuitions (in dollars) of 10 randomly selected 4-year, public colleges:a. Find the mean tuition.b. Find the standard deviation of the tuitions.c. The mean tuition of 10 randomly selected 4-year, private colleges is $20,750. The standard deviation is $10,065. Which sample of
A density histogram of the heights (in inches) of women at a large company is displayed in Fig. 67. Some of the bars have been left blank on purpose.a. Estimate the proportion of the heights that are between 60 and 68 inches.b. Estimate the proportion of the heights that are between 56 and 72
A density histogram of the ACT scores (in points) of seniors at a certain high school is displayed in Fig. 68. Some of the bars have been left blank on purpose.a. Estimate the proportion of the scores that are between 15 and 25 points.b. Estimate the proportion of the scores that are between 10 and
A density histogram of the scores (in points) on an algebra test is shown in Fig. 69. Some of the bars have been left blank on purpose.a. Estimate M.b. Estimate .c. Estimate s.d. Estimate s2.
A density histogram of the ages (in years) of people who attend a movie is displayed in Fig. 70. Some of the bars have been left blank on purpose.a. Estimate M.b. Estimate .c. Estimate s.d. Estimate s2.
The scores (in points) on a first prestatistics test are described by the density histogram in Fig. 71.a. Compute the area of each of the six bars in the density histogram.b. Find the total area of the six bars.c. Explain why the total area of the bars of any density histogram is always equal to
The weights (in pounds) of some people who have just started a weight-loss program are described by the density histogram in Fig. 72.a. Compute the area of each of the five bars in the density histogram.b. Find the total area of the five bars.c. Explain why the total area of the bars of any density
A student who usually does very well in math is trying to decide whether to take Professor A or Professor B for statistics. The two professors have similar teaching styles and the same grading policies. Last semester, the distribution of Professor A’s students’ scores on all tests had mean 70%
A student who usually does very poorly in math is trying to decide whether to take Professor A or Professor B for statistics. The two professors have similar teaching styles and the same grading policies. Last semester, the distribution of Professor A’s students’ scores on all tests had mean
The finish times (in minutes) for runners in three-mile courses at Events A and B are shown in Fig. 73. At each event, the women€™s mean time was 19 minutes and the men€™s mean time was 17 minutes. At one event, the standard deviations for the women€™s times and the men€™s times
A person wants to know whether Route A or Route B is the better commute to work. He also wants to know which route is the better commute home. He times the commutes (in minutes) to work by both routes many times (see Fig. 74) and also times the return trip home by both routes many times (see Fig.
The author surveyed one of his statistics classes. The numbers of units (hours or credits) students were enrolled in are shown in Table 28.a. Construct a histogram. Begin with lower class limit 4 units and class width 2 units. Describe the shape of the distribution. Can the Empirical Rule be
The author surveyed one of his statistics classes. The numbers of units (hours or credits) students were enrolled in are shown in Table 28.a. Construct a histogram. Begin with lower class limit 4 units and class width 2 units. Describe the shape of the distribution. Can the Empirical Rule be
Here are the sales (in billions of dollars) of Pfizer®€™s and AstraZeneca®€™s top-ten-selling drugs:a. Construct a histogram for the Pfizer data and a histogram for the AstraZeneca data. For each histogram, begin with lower class limit 0.5 billion dollars and class width 0.5 billion
The sales (in billions of dollars) of Pfizer€™s and AstraZeneca€™s top-ten-selling drugs are shown in Exercise 39.In Exercise 39a. Construct a histogram for the Pfizer data and a histogram for the AstraZeneca data. For each histogram, begin with lower class limit 0.5 billion dollars and
In one of the author’s statistics classes, 27 students responded anonymously to the following two questions: “How many friends did you have during your senior year in high school? How many of those people are you still in touch with and consider to be friends?” For each student, the author
In Example 5, we analyzed the lengths of songs played on the alternative rock radio station Live 105. The lengths (in seconds) of all songs on albums by bands typically featured on Live 105 are described by the histogram in Fig. 76 and the information in Fig. 77. Some of the songs on the albums
The numbers of calories in slices of stuffed-crust pizza and Thin €™N Crispy pizza are shown in Table 29 for various types of pizza at Pizza Hut. For each type of pizza, the difference in calories for stuffed-crust and Thin €™N Crispy slices is also shown.a. StatCrunch can be used to find
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