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Statistics For Business And Economics 13th Edition James T. McClave, P. George Benson, Terry Sincich - Solutions

The amount a company donates to a charitable organization is often restricted by financial inflexibility at the firm. One measure of financial inflexibility is the ratio of restricted assets to total firm assets. A study published in the Journal of Management Accounting Research (Vol. 27, 2015)
Researchers at National Semiconductor experimented with tin-lead solder bumps used to manufacture silicon wafer integrated circuit chips (International Wafer Level Packaging Conference, November 3-4, 2005). The failure times of the microchips (in hours) was determined at different solder
Refer to the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 45, 2009) study of whether buying gifts truly buys love, Exercise 9.9. Recall that study participants were randomly assigned to play the role of gift-giver or gift-receiver. Gift-receivers were asked to provide the level of appreciation
Refer to the Animal Science Journal (May, 2014) study on the use of ascorbic acid (AA) to reduce stress in goats during transportation from farm to market, Exercise 9.12. Recall that 24 healthy goats were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C, and D) of six animals each. Goats in group A were
Refer to the Financial Analysts Journal (July/August 2008) comparison of earnings forecasts of buy-side and sell-side analysts, Exercise 2.86. The Harvard Business School professors used regression to model the relative optimism (y) of the analysts' 3-month horizon forecasts. One of the independent
Refer to the Academy of Management Journal (August, 2015) study of the charisma of top leaders in business, Exercise 11.28. Recall that data were collected on 24 U.S. presidential elections from 1916 to 2008. The dependent variable of interest was Democratic vote share (y), measured as the
Refer to the Business and Society (March 2011) study on how firm size and firm type impact corporate sustainability behaviors, Exercise 9.7. Recall that Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) were surveyed on their firms' likelihood of reporting sustainability policies (measured as a probability
Refer to the Journal of Accounting Education (Vol. 25, 2007) study of assisting accounting students with their homework, Exercise 9.30. Recall that 175 accounting students took a pretest on a topic not covered in class and then each was given a homework problem to solve on the same topic. The
Refer to the Human Factors (May, 2014) study of driving performance while fatigued, Exercise 9.31. Recall that the researchers had 40 college students drive a long distance in a simulator. While driving, each student performed a task. One group of student-drivers performed a verbal task
Refer to the Journal of Marketing Research (October. 2015) study of the impact of banning a controversial sponsor on a sports team's success, Exercise 9.34 (p. 522). Recall that markets for English soccer clubs were classified as one of four types: (1) banned alcohol sponsors but now have other
Refer to the Economic Letters (Vol. 100, 2008) study of whether the color of a female solicitor's hair impacts the level of capital raised, Exercise 12.75 (p. 732). Recall that 955 households were contacted by a female solicitor to raise funds for hazard mitigation research. In addition to the
Time pressure is common at firms that must meet hard and fast deadlines. How do employees working in teams perform when they perceive time pressure? And, can this performance improve with a strong team leader? These were the research questions of interest in a study published in the Academy of
Although invisible and intangible, ambient conditions such as air quality (x1), temperature (x2), odor/aroma (x3), music (x4), noise level (x5), and overall image (x6) may affect guests' satisfaction with their stay at a hotel. A study in the Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management (Vol.
Refer to the Financial Analysts Journal (July/August 2008) comparison of earnings forecasts of buy-side and sell-side analysts, Exercise 12.74. Recall that the Harvard Business School professors used regression to model the relative optimism (y) of the analysts' 3-month horizon forecasts. The
Workplace bullying has been shown to have a negative psychological effect on victims, often leading the victim to quit or resign. In Human Resource Management Journal (October 2008), researchers employed multiple regression to examine whether perceived organizational support (POS) would moderate
Refer to Exercise 12.18 and the model relating the mean DDT level E(y) of contaminated fish to x1 = miles captured upstream, x2 = length, and x3 = weight. Now consider a model for E(y) as a function of both weight and species (channel catfish, largemouth bass, and smallmouth buffalo).a. Set up the
Refer to the Academy of Management Journal (August, 2015) study of the charisma of top leaders in business, Exercise 12.76. The researchers analyzed data collected for 24 U.S. presidential elections where the dependent variable of interest was Democratic vote share (y), measured as the percentage
Twenty-five consecutive samples of size n = 5 were collected to construct an xÌ…-chart. The sample means and ranges for the data are shown in the table.a. Calculate the mean of the sample means, x, and the mean of the sample ranges, R.b. Calculate and plot the centerline and the upper and lower
The data in the following table were collected for the purpose of constructing an xÌ…-chart.a. Calculate x and R for each sample.b. Calculate x and R.c. Calculate and plot the centerline and the upper and lower control limits for the xÌ…-chart.d. Calculate and plot the A, B, and C zone
During the development of a new drug, pharmaceutical companies monitor the drug's active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). An article published in Organic Process Research & Development (July 2013) demonstrated the use of an individual control chart (x-chart) for this purpose. The data in the
In the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Working Paper Series (October 2008), researchers presented a novel approach to identifying firms that discriminate against women. The researchers used the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEOC) Systematic Gender Disparity Scorecard as a measure of the degree to
Various interventions are available for nurses to help relieve patients' pain (e.g., heat/cold applications, breathing exercises, massage). The journal Research in Nursing & Health (Vol. 35, 2012) demonstrated the utility of statistical process control in determining the effectiveness of a pain
Most farmers budget water by using an irrigation schedule. The success of the schedule hinges on collecting accurate data on evapotranspiration (ETo), a term that describes the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration. The California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS) collects daily
Statistical process control was utilized in an effort to improve the service delivery at a Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) health clinic in Minnesota (American Journal of Public Health, Sep. 2009). The health department sampled patients for 10 consecutive days and recorded each patient's lobby
A machine at K-Company fills boxes with bran flakes cereal. The target weight for the filled boxes is 24 ounces. The company would like to use an xÌ…-chart to monitor the performance of the machine. To develop the control chart, the company decides to sample and weigh five boxes of
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Periodically these emissions measurements are under-reported due to leakage or faulty equipment. Such problems are often detected only by an expensive test (RATA) that is typically conducted only once
Explain why rational subgrouping should be used in constructing control charts.
Silicon wafer slicing is a critical step in the production of semiconductor devices (e.g., diodes, solar cells, transistors). Yuanpei (China) University researchers used control charts to aid in selecting the best silicon wafer-slicing machine (Computers & Industrial Engineering, Vol. 52, 2007).
BPI Consulting, a leading provider of statistical process control software and training in the United States, alerted its clients to problems with "chunky" data. BPI Consulting identified "chunky" data as data that result when the range between possible values of the variable of interest becomes
A precision parts manufacturer produces bolts for use in military aircraft. Ideally, the bolts should be 37 centimeters in length. The company sampled four consecutively produced bolts each hour on the hour for 25 consecutive hours and measured them using a computerized precision instrument. The
In practice, x̅- and R-charts are used together to monitor a process. However, the R-chart should be interpreted before the x̅-chart. Why?
Construct and interpret an R-chart for the data in Exercise13.10.In exercise 13.10Twenty-five consecutive samples of size n = 5 were collected to construct an xÌ…-chart. The sample means and ranges for the data are shown in the table.a. Calculate and plot the upper control limit and, if
Construct and interpret an R-chart for the data in Exercise13.11.In E 13.11The data in the following table were collected for the purpose of constructing an xÌ…-chart.a. Calculate and plot the upper control limit and, if appropriate, the lower control limit. b. Calculate and plot the A, B,
Construct and interpret an R-chart and an xÌ…-chart from the sample data shown below. Remember to interpret the R-chart before the xÌ…-chart.
In Quality Engineering (Vol. 28, No. 3, 2016), control charts were used to monitor the weight of frozen scallops packed at a marine products plant. During packing, the scallops are placed in plastic trays. The target total weight (scallops and plastic trays) is 2 kilograms. To monitor the packing $Range of Weight UCL-01 W \W$
When a control chart is first constructed, why are the centerline and control limits treated as trial values?
Refer to the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Working Paper Series (October 2008) study of gender-related employment disparities, Exercise 13.14. Recall that the researchers used the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEOC) Systematic Gender Disparity Scorecard as a measure of the degree to which a firm
Refer to the Research in Nursing & Health (Vol. 35, 2012) study of the effectiveness of a pain intervention, Exercise 13.15. Recall that pain levels (measured on a 100-point scale) were recorded for a sample of 10 ICU patients 24 hours post surgery each week for 20 consecutive weeks. The data
Refer to Exercise13.16 and the monitoring of irrigation data by the CIMIS. Recall that daily minimum air temperatures (°C) collected hourly during the month of May at the Davis CIMIS station yielded the following summary statistics (where five measurements are collected each hour): x = 10.16
Quality (March 2009) presented a problem that actually occurred at a plant that produces a high volume, blow-molded container with multiple layers. One of the layers is very expensive to manufacture. The quality manager at the plant desires to lower the average thickness for the expensive layer of
A soft-drink bottling company is interested in monitoring the amount of cola injected into 16-ounce bottles by a particular filling head. The process is entirely automated and operates 24 hours a day. At 6:00 A.M., and 6:00 A.M., each day, a new dispenser of carbon dioxide capable of producing
Refer to Exercise 13.21 and the hourly data collected by BPI consulting. Recall that the data are saved in the file.In Exercise 13.21BPI Consulting, a leading provider of statistical process control software and training in the United States, alerted its clients to problems with "chunky" data. BPI
In an effort to reduce customer dissatisfaction with delays in replacing lost automated teller machine (ATM) cards, some retail banks monitor the time required to replace a lost ATM card. Called replacement cycle time, it is the elapsed time from when the customer contacts the bank about the loss
Refer to the manufacturing process for military aircraft bolts, Exercise 13.22. Recall that the company sampled four consecutively produced bolts each hour on the hour for 25 consecutive hours and measured them using a computerized precision instrument. Use the data saved in the file to construct a
The Journal of Quality Technology (July 1998) published an article examining the effects of the precision of measurement on the R-chart. The authors presented data from a British nutrition company that fills containers labeled "500 grams" with a powdered dietary supplement. Once every 15 minutes,
The proportion of defective items generated by a manufacturing process is believed to be 8%. In constructing a p-chart for the process, determine how large the sample size should be to avoid ending up with a negative lower control limit.
To construct a p-chart for a manufacturing process, 25 samples of size 200 were drawn from the process. The number of defectives in each sample is listed in time order in the table that follows.a. Calculate the proportion defective in each sample. b. Calculate and plot p and the upper and lower
To construct a p-chart, 20 samples of size 150 were drawn from a process. The proportion of defective items found in each of the samples is listed in the next table.a. Calculate and plot the centerline and the upper and lower control limits for the p-chart. b. Calculate and plot the A, B, and C
An article on the use of control charts for monitoring the proportion of post operative complications at a large hospital was published in the International Journal for Quality in Health Care (October 2010). A random sample of surgical procedures was selected each month for 30 consecutive months,
A worldwide rental car company receives about 10,000 customer complaint calls per month at its European call center. In an effort to reduce the proportion of issues that are not resolved on the customer's first call, management conducted a thorough study of the call center's procedures. The results
A manufacturer produces micron chips for personal computers. From past experience, the production manager believes that 1% of the chips are defective. The company collected a sample of the first 1,000 chips manufactured after 4:00 P.M every other day for a month. The chips were analyzed for
In Control Engineering Practice (March 2013), researchers demonstrated the use of a p-chart for monitoring defects in new automobile hand break cables. A sample of 20 hand break cables were selected off the manufacturing line each day for 100 consecutive days, and the daily numbers of defective
Accurate typesetting is crucial to the production of high-quality newspapers and magazines. The editor of a weekly publication has instituted a process for monitoring the performance of typesetters. Each week 100 paragraphs of the publication are randomly sampled and read for accuracy. The number
Even if all the points on an x̅-chart fall between the control limits, the process may be out of control. Explain.
A Japanese compact disc (CD) manufacturer has a daily production rate of about 20,000 CD-RW (rewritable disks). Quality is monitored by randomly sampling 200 finished CDs every other hour from the production process and testing them for defects. If one or more defects are discovered, the CD is
Quality (February 2008) presented a problem that actually occurred at a company that produces process pumps for a variety of industries. The company recently introduced a new pump model and immediately began receiving customer complaints about "leaky pumps." There were no complaints about the old
Goodstone Tire & Rubber Company is interested in monitoring the proportion of defective tires generated by the production process at its Akron, Ohio, production plant. The company's chief engineer believes that the proportion is about 7%. Because the tires are destroyed during the testing
Explain why it is inappropriate to conduct a capability analysis study for a process that is not in statistical control.
Explain the difference between process spread and specification spread.
Describe two different ways to assess the capability of a process.
Why is it recommended to use and interpret Cp in conjunction with a capability analysis diagram rather than in isolation?
For a process that is in control and follows a normal distribution, interpret each of the following Cp values:a. 1.00b. 1.33c. .50d. 2.00
Find the specification spread for each of the following: a. USL = 19.65, LSL = 12.45 b. USL = .0010, LSL = .0008 c. USL = 1.43, LSL = 1.27 d. USL = 490, LSL = 486
Find (or estimate) the process spread for each of the following.a. σ = 21b. σ = 5.2c. s = 110.06d. s = .0024
What must be true about the variation of a process before an x̅-chart is used to monitor the mean of the process? Why?
An in-control, centered process that follows a normal distribution has a Cp = 2.0. How many standard deviations away from the process mean is the upper specification limit?
A process is in control with a normally distributed output distribution with mean 1,000 and standard deviation 100. The USL and LSL for the process are 1,020 and 980, respectively. a. Assuming no changes in the behavior of the process, what percentage of the output will be unacceptable? b. Find and
Thermal power plants use demineralized (DM) water for steam generation. Since it is costly to replace, power plants must conserve the use of DM water. DM water consumption was monitored at a thermal power plant in India and the results published in Total Quality Management (February 2009). Plant
Benchtop bioreactors are used to produce antibodies for anti-cancer drugs. Engineers calibrate bioreactors in order to maximize production. The African Journal of Biotechnology (December 2011) published a study designed to achieve a high percentage of antibody production from a bioreactor. The
During the manufacture of the driver gear of an automobile, a dial bore gauge is used to bore a hole into cast steel. Specifications require that the diameter of the bore hole be between 204.05 and 205.05 millimeters, with a target mean of 205 millimeters. The International Journal of Quality
Refer to the Quality (March 2009) study of a plant that produces a high-volume, blow-molded container, Exercise 13.33. Recall that the quality manager at the plant wants to lower the average thickness for the expensive layer of material and still meet specifications. Specification limits for
Define quality and list its important dimensions.
Use the six pattern-analysis rules described in Figure 13.22 to determine whether the process being monitored with the xÌ…-chart shown below is out of statistical control.
What is a process? Give an example of an organizational process.
What is a system? Give an example of a system with which you are familiar and describe its inputs, outputs, and transformation process.
Processes that are in control are predictable; out-of-control processes are not. Explain.
Compare and contrast special and common causes of variation.
Consider the xÌ…-chart shown below.a. Is the process affected by special causes of variation only, common causes of variation only, or both? Explain.b. The means for the next five samples in the process are 27, 29, 32, 36, and 34. Plot these points on an extended xÌ…-chart. What does the
A process is under control and follows a normal distribution with mean 100 and standard deviation 10. In constructing a standard x̅-chart for this process, the control limits are set 3 standard deviations from the mean-that is, 100 ± 3(10/ √n). The probability of observing an x outside the
Consider the time series data for the weight of a manufactured product shown below.a. Construct a time series plot. Be sure to connect the points and add a centerline.b. Which type of variation pattern in Figure 13.6 best describes the pattern revealed by your plot?
The length measurements of 20 consecutively produced pencils are recorded in the table below.a. Construct a time series plot. Be sure to connect the plotted points and add a centerline.b. Which type of variation pattern in Figure 13.6 best describes the pattern shown in your plot?
Use the appropriate pattern-analysis rules to determine whether the process being monitored by the following control chart is under the influence of special causes of variation.
A company that manufactures plastic molded parts believes it is producing an unusually large number of defects. To investigate this suspicion, each shift drew seven random samples of 200 parts, visually inspected each part to determine whether it was defective, and tallied the primary type of
Control chart methodology was applied to the manufacturing of a horseshoe-shaped metal fastener called a robotics clamp (Applied Statistics, Vol. 47, 1998). Users of the clamp were concerned with the width of the gap between the two ends of the fastener. Their preferred target width was .054 inch.
AirExpress, an overnight mail service, is concerned about the operating efficiency of the packagesorting departments at its Toledo, Ohio, terminal. The company would like to monitor the time it takes for packages to be put in outgoing delivery bins from the time they are received. The sorting
Officials at Mountain Airlines are interested in monitoring the length of time customers must wait in line to check in at their airport counter in Reno, Nevada. To develop a control chart, five customers were sampled each day for 20 days. The data, in minutes, are presented in the table below.a.
Use Table IX on page 13-74 to find the value of A2 for each of the following sample sizes.a. n = 3b. n = 10c. n = 22
Over the last year, a company that manufactures golf clubs has received numerous complaints about the performance of its graphite shafts and has lost several market share percentage points. In response, the company decided to monitor its shaft production process to identify new opportunities to
Mining Engineering (October 2004) published a study of a new technology for producing high-quality iron nuggets directly from raw iron ore and coal. For one phase of the study, the percentage change in the carbon content of the produced nuggets was measured at 4-hour intervals for 33 consecutive
The central processing unit (CPU) of a microcomputer is a computer chip containing millions of transistors. Connecting the transistors are slender circuit paths only .5 to .85 micrometer wide. A manufacturer of CPU chips knows that if the circuit paths are not .5-.85 micrometer wide, a variety of
Explain in words how to construct a simple index.
Civilian employment is broadly classified by the federal government into two categories-agricultural and nonagricultural. Employment figures (in thousands of workers) for farm and nonfarm categories for selected years from 1980 to 2015 are given in the table below.a. Compute simple indexes for each
The gross domestic product (GDP) is the total national output of goods and services valued at market prices. As such, the GDP is a commonly used barometer of the U.S. economy. One component of the GDP is personal consumption expenditures, which is itself the sum of expenditures for durable goods,
Refer to Exercise 14.11. Suppose the output quantities in 1970, measured in billions of units purchased, are as follows:Durable goods: 10.9Nondurable goods: 14.02Services: 42.6a. Use the outputs to calculate the Laspeyres index from 1960 to 2015 (same increments as in Exercise 14.11) with 1970 as
The table in the next column lists the median weekly earnings (in dollars) for full-time wage and salary workers over the years 2007-2015, categorized by gender.a. Compute a simple index for the weekly earnings of male workers over the period 2007-2015. Use 2007 as the base year. Do the same for
The level of price and production of metals in the United States is one measure of the strength of an industrial economy. The table at the bottom of the page lists the annual prices (in dollars per ton) and production (in millions of tons) for three metals- copper, aluminum, and iron scrap-from
Describe the effect of selecting an exponential constant of w = .2. Of w = .8. Which will produce a smoother trend?
A monthly time series is shown in the table to the right.a. Calculate the missing values in the exponentially smoothed series using w = .5.b. Graph the time series and the exponentially smoothed series on the same graph.
Refer to the annual U.S. craft beer production time series, Exercise 14.7.a. Calculate the exponentially smoothed series for U.S. beer production for the period 2004-2015 using w = .2.b. Calculate the exponentially smoothed series using w = .8.c. Plot the two exponentially smoothed series (w = .2
Overfishing and pollution of U.S. coastal waters have resulted in an increased dependence by the United States on the fishing grounds of other countries. The table below describes the annual fish catch (in thousands of metric tons) in all fishing areas of Peru and Chile for the years 2000 to

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