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Statistics For Business And Economics 13th Edition James T. McClave, P. George Benson, Terry Sincich - Solutions
The power quality of a transformer is measured by the quality of the voltage. Two causes of poor power quality are "sags" and "swells." A sag is an unusual dip and a swell is an unusual increase in the voltage level of a transformer. The power quality of transformers built in Turkey was
Refer to the Geographical Analysis (Vol. 42, 2010) study of the decay properties of sandstone when exposed to the weather, Exercises 2.47 and 2.65 (pp. 72 and 80). Recall that slices of sandstone blocks were measured for permeability under three conditions: no exposure to any type of weathering
Refer to the International Conference on Social Robotics (Vol. 6414, 2010) study on the current trend in the design of social robots, Exercise 2.5 (p. 48). Recall that in a random sample of social robots obtained through a Web search, 28 were built with wheels. The number of wheels on each of the
Jamming attacks on wireless networks. Refer to the International Journal of Production Economics (Vol. 172, 2016) study of U.S. military jamming attacks on wireless networks used by terrorists, Exercise 1.16 (p. 26). Recall that 80 recent jamming attacks were classified according to network type
Consider a study of drug dealers and their motivation for participating in the illegal drug market (Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice, September 2009). The sample consisted of 100 convicted drug dealers who attended a court-mandated counseling program. Each dealer was scored on the Wanting
Refer to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention listing of the October 2015 sanitation scores for 195 cruise ships, Exercise 2.24.a. Find the mean and standard deviation of the sanitation scores.b. Calculate the intervalsc. Find the percentage of measurements in the data set that fall
Refer to the Significance (December 2015) study on estimating the number of U.S. deaths attributable to nitrogen oxide (NOx) pollution produced from illegal VW vehicles, Exercise 2.30 (p. 61). Recall that the researchers computed the estimate for each of 27 different scenarios involving different
Refer to the Significance (April 2015) study of contestants' performance on the popular TV show The Apprentice, Exercise 2.9 (p. 49). Recall that each of 159 contestants was rated (on a 20-point scale) based on their performance. The accompanying Minitab printout gives the mean and standard
The Apprentice is a popular TV show that gives the winning contestant the opportunity to work with a famous successful business leader (e.g., Donald Trump in the United States and Lord Alan Sugar in the United Kingdom). A study was conducted to investigate what separates the successful candidates
According to the National Center for Education Statistics (2015), scores on a mathematics assessment test for U.S. eighth graders have a mean of 282, a 25th percentile of 258, a 75th percentile of 308, and a 90th percentile of 329. Interpret each of these numerical descriptive measures.
Refer to the Electrical Engineering (Vol. 95, 2013) study of transformer voltage sags and swells, Exercise 2.76 (p. 86). Recall that for a sample of 103 transformers built for heavy industry, the mean number of sags per week was 353 and the mean number of swells per week was 184. Assume the
Refer to the October 2015 sanitation levels of cruise ships, Exercise 2.81 (p. 87).a. Give a measure of relative standing for the TSS Oceanic score of 73. Interpret the result.b. Give a measure of relative standing for the Queen Mary 2 score of 91. Interpret the result.
Refer to the International Conference on Social Robotics (Vol. 6414, 2010) study of the trend in the design of social robots, Exercise 2.5 Recall that in a random sample of 106 social (or service) robots designed to entertain, educate, and care for human users, 63 were built with legs only, 20 with
A random sample of n = 5 is to be selected from N = 50. In how many different ways can the sample be drawn?
Refer to the Process Safety Progress (December 2004) study of 83 industrial accidents caused by management system failures, Exercise 2.150. A summary of the root causes of these 83 incidents is reproduced in the following table. One of the 83 incidents is randomly selected and the root cause is
According to the Journal of Business Venturing (Vol. 17, 2002), 27% of all small businesses owned by non-Hispanic whites nationwide are women-owned firms. If we select, at random, a small business owned by a non-Hispanic white, what is the probability that it is a male-owned firm?
The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) conducted a survey on the condition of America's public school facilities. The survey revealed the following information. The probability that a public school building has inadequate plumbingis .25. Of the buildings with inadequate plumbing, the
According to the National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration's National Center for Statistics and Analysis (NCSA), "Speeding is one of the most prevalent factors contributing to fatal traffic crashes" (NHTSA Technical Report, August 2005). The probability that speeding is a cause of a fatal
Consider a study of how people attempt to influence the choices of others by offering undesirable alternatives (Journal of Consumer Research, March 2003). Such a phenomenon typically occurs when family members propose a vacation spot, friends recommend a restaurant for dinner, and realtors show the
When they were first produced in 1940, M&M's Plain Chocolate Candies came in only a brown color. Today, M&M's in standard bags come in six colors: brown, yellow, red, blue, orange, and green. According to Mars Corporation, today 24% of all M&M's produced are blue, 20% are orange, 16% are green, 14%
A manufacturer of a new Smart Watch claims that the probability of its watch running more than 1 minute slow or 1 minute fast after 1 year of use is .05. A consumer protection agencyhas purchased four of the manufacturer's watches with the intention of testing the claim.a. Assuming that the
The corporations in the highly competitive razor blade industry do a tremendous amount of advertising each year. Corporation G gave a supply of three top-name brands, G, S, and W, to a consumer and asked her to use them and rank them in order of preference. The corporation was, of course, hoping
Use your intuitive understanding of independence to form an opinion about whether each of the following scenarios represents independent events. a. The results of consecutive tosses of a coin b. The opinions of randomly selected individuals in a preelection poll c. A Major League Baseball player's
Every 4 years the world's 32 best national soccer teams compete for the World Cup. Run by FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association), national teams are placed into eight groups of four teams, with the group winners advancing to play for the World Cup. Chance (Spring 2007)
The probability that an Avon salesperson sells beauty products to a prospective customer on the first visit to the customer is .4. If the salesperson fails to make the sale on the first visit, the probability that the sale will be made on the second visit is .65. The salesperson never visits a
When Olympic athletes are tested for illegal drug use (i.e., doping), the results of a single positive test are used to ban the athlete from competition. Chance (Spring 2004) demonstrated the application of Bayes's Rule for making inferences about testosterone abuse among Olympic athletes using the
Sustainable development or sustainable farming means finding ways to live and work the Earth without jeopardizing the future. Studies were conducted in five Midwestern states to develop a profile of a sustainable farmer. The results revealed that farmers can be classified along a sustainability
The performance of quality inspectors affects both the quality of outgoing products and the cost of the products. A product that passes inspection is assumed to meet quality standards; a product that fails inspection may be reworked, scrapped, or reinspected. Quality engineers at an electric
In Engineering Management Research (May 2012), a simulation game approach was proposed to teach concepts in a course on production. The proposed game simulation was for color television production. The products are two color television models, A and B. Each model comes in two colors, red and black.
According to Significance (December 2015), the 16th-century mathematician Jerome Cardan was addicted to a gambling game involving tossing three fair dice. One outcome of interest- which Cardan called a "Fratilli"-is when any subset of the three dice sums to 3. For example, the outcome {1, 1, 1}
A press produces parts used in the manufacture of large-screen plasma televisions. If the press is correctly adjusted, it produces parts with a scrap rate of 5%. If it is not adjusted correctly, it produces scrap at a 50% rate. From past company records, the machine is known to be correctly
Not according to a Harris Interactive (July 2013) poll of U.S. adults. The poll found that 61% of the respondents work during their summer vacation, 22% do not work at all while on vacation, and 17% were unemployed. Assuming these percentages apply to the population of U.S. adults, consider the
Marilyn vos Savant, who is listed in Guinness Book of World Records Hall of Fame for "Highest IQ," writes a weekly column in the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade Magazine. Her column, "Ask Marilyn," is devoted to games of skill, puzzles, and mind-bending riddles. In one issue (Parade Magazine,
The Marketing Management Journal (Fall 2014) published the results of a designed study to investigate satisfaction with the use of mobile devices to access social media. Mobile device users were classified by gender (male or female) and by the social media they use most often (Facebook, Twitter, or
Refer to the Journal of Business Logistics (Vol. 36, 2015) study of performance based logistics (PBL) strategies, Exercise 1.15 (p. 25). Recall that the study was based on the opinions of a sample of 17 upper-level employees of the U.S. Department of Defense and its suppliers. The current position
As part of a study on income tax compliance (Behavioral Research and Accounting, January 2015), researchers sampled 270 adults at a shopping mall and asked each: "Who usually prepares your tax return?" Their answers (and frequency of responses) are shown in the table (p. 146). Use the information
Refer to the Museum Management and Curatorship (June 2010) study of the criteria used to evaluate museum performance, Exercise 2.14 (p. 50). Recall that the managers of 30 leading museums of contemporary art were asked to provide the performance measure used most often. A summary of the results is
Refer to the International Journal of Production Economics (Vol. 172, 2016) study of U.S. military jamming attacks on wireless networks used by terrorists, Exercise 2.8 (p. 49). Recall that 80 recent jamming attacks were classified according to network type (WLAN, WSN, or AHN) attacked and number
Consumer Reports 2015 Car Brand Report Card ranks auto makers by car reliability, road test performance, and other factors. The following three car brands (in no particular order) were ranked the best: Lexus, Mazda, and Toyota. a. List all possible sets of rankings for these top three car
Refer to the Significance (December 2015) study estimating the number of U.S. deaths attributable to nitrous oxide pollution (NOx) produced from illegal VW vehicles, Exercise 2.30 (p. 61). The researchers varied the values of three different variables- total distance (in miles) driven by these
Hillsborough County, Florida, has 42 fire stations that employ 980 career firefighters and 160 volunteers. Both types of firefighters are drug tested every six months. However, the career firefighters and volunteers are treated as separate populations. For drug testing, 50% of the career
Suppose P(A) = . 4, P(B) = .7, and P(A ∩ B) = .3.Find the following probabilities:a. P(Bc)b. P(Ac)c. P(A U B)
Refer to the International Conference on Social Robotics (Vol. 6414, 2010) study of the trend in the design of social robots, Exercise 3.10.Recall that in a random sample of 106 social robots, 63 were built with legs only, 20 with wheels only, 8 with both legs and wheels, and 15 with neither legs
Human Factors (December 2015) published a study on how well firefighter gloves fit. In a group of 586 firefighters who reported their glove size, the researchers determined whether the gloves fit well or poorly, by gender. The data are summarized in the accompanying table. Consider the gender and
Do most people pay their monthly bills online? ABA Bank Marketing and Sales (July-August 2015) reported that 37% of U.S. customers pay their bills online using a personal computer. The table lists the different methods by which customers pay their monthly bills and associated probabilities.
A branch of mathematics known as fuzzy logic was used to improve customer service in supply chain management. (Decision Analytics, February 2014.) Customers rate the importance of one service factor relative to another using the following numerical scale: 1 = service factors are equally important,
At the 2012 Gulf Petrochemicals and Chemicals Association (GPCA) Forum, Oregon State University software engineers presented a paper on modeling and implementing variation in computer software. The researchers employed the compositional choice calculus (CCC)-a formal language for representing,
Forbes (May 6, 2015) conducted a survey of the 20 largest public companies in the world. Of these 20 companies, 4 were banking or investment companies based in the United States. A total of 9 U.S. companies were on the top 20 list. Suppose we select one of these 20 companies at random. Given that
Refer to the Journal of Behavioral Decision Making (January 2007) study of the effect of guilt emotion on how a decision maker focuses on a problem, Exercise 3.48 (p. 159). The results (number responding in each category) for the 171 study participants are reproduced in the table below. Suppose one
Refer to the International Conference on Social Robotics (Vol. 6414, 2010) study of the trend in the design of social robots, Exercises 3.10 and 3.37. Recall that in a random sample of 106 social robots, 63 were built with legs only, 20 with wheels only, 8 with both legs and wheels, and 15 with
Each year, United Parcel Service (UPS) commissions a "Pulse of the Online Shopper" survey. The 2015 survey included a sample of 5,118 U.S. shoppers who have made at least two online purchases every three months. The survey revealed that 41% of the shoppers used a smart phone to make a purchase. Of
Identity theft victims. According to The National Crime Victimization Survey (September 2015), published by the U.S. Department of Justice, about 17.6 million people were victims of identity theft over the past year. This number represents 7% of all persons age 16 or older in the United States. Of
Working on summer vacation. Refer to the Harris Interactive (July 2013) poll of whether U.S. adults work during summer vacation, Exercise 3.13 (p. 145). Recall that the poll found that 61% of the respondents work during their summer vacation, 22% do not work at all while on vacation, and 17% were
Refer to The Journal of Finance (December 2011) study of whether the decision to invest in the stock market is dependent on IQ, Exercise 3.46 (p. 158). The summary table giving the number of the 158,044 Finnish citizens in each IQ score/investment category is reproduced below. Again, suppose one of
Degrees of best-paid CEOs. Refer to the results of the Glassdoor Economic Research (August 25, 2015) survey of the top 40 best-paid CEOs shown in Table 2.1. The data on highest degree obtained are summarized in the SPSS printout below. Suppose you randomly select five of the CEOs (without
Two deadly gases that can be present in fire smoke are hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide. Fire Engineering (March 2013) reported the results of a survey of 244 firefighters conducted by the Fire Smoke Coalition. The purpose of the survey was to assess the base level of knowledge of firefighters
Spotify is a musicstreaming service that offers both free and subscription options. Users can create playlists and choose to use Spotify's random shuffling feature to play back the songs. When the shuffling feature was first introduced, many users complained that the algorithm was not working. For
In our legal system, the use of DNA as forensic evidence is often regarded as the most reliable type of evidence. However, most of the DNA code is the same for all humans. Consequently, assessing the probability of the DNA code that varies among individuals is the key to a successful case. Chance
In cryptography, cipher text is encrypted or encoded text that is unreadable by a human or computer without the proper algorithm to decrypt it into plain text. The impact of erroneous cipher texts on the performance of an encryption system was investigated in IEEE Transactions on Information
In the semiconductor manufacturing industry, a key to improved quality is having confidence in the feedback generated by production equipment. A study of the confidence level of feedback information was published in Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence (Vol. 26, 2013). At any point
Fingerprint expertise. A study published in Psychological Science (August 2011) tested the accuracy of experts and novices in identifying fingerprints. Participants were presented pairs of fingerprints and asked to judge whether the prints in each pair matched. The pairs were presented under three
Refer to the Pew Research Center Survey (December 2015) on cable TV subscriptions, Exercise 2.4. In a sample of 2,001 U.S. adults, 1,521 reported that they currently receive cable or satellite TV service at home, 180 revealed that they have never subscribed to cable/satellite TV service at home,
In Canada, the Supreme Court recently ruled that employees can be tested for drugs only if management has reasonable cause to administer the test. An article in Chance (Vol. 28, 2015) focused on the misclassification rates of such drug tests. A false positive occurs when a drug test administered to
The Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (November-December 2003) published a study of a double intrusion detection system with independent systems. If there is an intruder, system A sounds an alarm with probability .9, and system B sounds an alarm with
Refer to the Business and Society (March 2011) study on the sustainability behaviors of CPA corporations, Exercise 2.23. Recall that the level of support for corporate sustainability (measured on a quantitative scale ranging from 0 to 160 points) was obtained for each of 992 senior managers at CPA
Refer to the Journal of Marketing Research (December 2011) study of whether you are more likely to choose a vice product (e.g., a candy bar) when your arm is flexed (as when carrying a shopping basket) than when your arm is extended (as when pushing a shopping cart), Exercise 2.85. The study
According to Global Research News (March 4, 2014), one-fourth of all rough diamonds produced in the world are blood diamonds, i.e., diamonds mined to finance war or an insurgency. Exercise 3.81. In a random sample of 700 rough diamonds purchased by a diamond buyer, let x be the number that are
Refer to the Pew Internet & American Life Project Survey (January 2016), Exercise 4.48. The survey revealed that half of all U.S. adults would agree to participate in a free cost-saving loyalty card program at a grocery store, even if the store could potentially sell these data on the
Refer to the Journal of Accounting Public Policy (Vol. 34, 2015) study of the impact of executive networking on firm performance, Exercise 2.101. Recall that firm performance was measured as annual return on equity (ROE), recorded as a percentage. The mean ROE for the firms studied was 13.93% and
Refer to the Electrical Engineering (Vol. 95, 2013) study of the power quality of a transformer, Exercise 2.127 (p. 108). Recall that two causes of poor power quality are "sags" and "swells.". (A sag is an unusual dip and a swell is an unusual increase in the voltage level of a transformer.) For
Research published in the journal Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology (July 2014) evaluated the safety of underground tunnels built in rigid soils. A factor of safety (FS), measured as the ratio of capacity over demand, was determined for three different areas of tunnels made from
Refer to the 2015 North American Hotel Guest Satisfaction Index Study, Exercise 4.49. You determined that the probability that a hotel guest was delighted with his or her stay and would recommend the hotel is .12. Suppose a large hotel chain randomly samples 200 of its guests. The chain's national
Government data indicate that the mean hourly wage for manufacturing workers in the United States is $20.10 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, January 2016). Suppose the distribution of manufacturing wage rates nationwide can be approximated by a normal distribution with standard deviation $1.25 per
Can executive coaching help improve business meeting effectiveness? This was the question of interest in an article published in Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research (Vol. 61, 2009). The goal of executive coaching is to reduce content behaviors (e.g., seeking information,
Refer to the Significance (April 2015) study of contestants' performances on the United Kingdom's version of the TV show, The Apprentice, Exercise 2.9 (p. 49). Recall that the performance of each of 159 contestants was rated on a 20-point scale. Contestants were also divided into two groups: those
Refer to the Business and Society (March 2011) study on the sustainability behaviors of CPA corporations, Exercise 4.100. Data on the level of support for corporate sustainability (measured on a quantitative scale ranging from 0 to 160 points) for each of 992 senior managers at CPA firms are saved
Refer to the College Choice 2015 Rankings of National Research Universities, Exercise 2.110. Data on academic reputation scores for the top 50 research universities (saved in the file) are listed in the accompanying table. Would you recommend using the normal distribution to approximate the
Refer to the data on the October 2015 sanitation scores for 196 cruise ships, first presented in Exercise 2.24. The data are saved in the accompanying file. Assess whether the sanitation scores are approximately normally distributed.
Refer to the Geographical Analysis (Vol. 42, 2010) study of the decay properties of sandstone when exposed to the weather, Exercise 2.69. Recall that blocks of sandstone were cut into 300 equal-sized slices, and the slices were randomly divided into three groups of 100 slices each. Slices in Group
The Journal of Open Archaeology Data (Vol. 1, 2012) provided data on the chemical composition of more than 200 pre-Columbian gold and gold-alloy artifacts recovered in the archaeological region inhabited by the Muisca of Colombia (A.D.600-1800). One of many variables measured was the percentage of
Timber beams are widely used in home construction. When the load (measured in pounds) per unit length has a constant value over part of a beam, the load is said to be uniformly distributed over that part of the beam. Uniformly distributed beam loads were used to derive the stiffness distribution of
An assessment of the new Boeing 787 "Dreamliner" airplane was published in the Journal of Case Research in Business and Economics (December 2014). Boeing planned to build and deliver 3,500 of these aircraft within the first 20 years of the 787 program. The researchers used simulation to estimate
The reliability of a piece of equipment is frequently defined to be the probability, p, that the equipment performs its intended function successfully for a given period of time under specific conditions (Heizer, Render, and Munson, Principles of Operations Management, 2016). Because p varies from
Find a z-score, call it z0, such thata. P(z ≤ z0) = .5080b. P(z ≥ z0) = .5517c. P(z Ú z0) = .1492d. P(z0 ≤ z ≤ .59) = .4773
Identify the type of continuous random variable-uniform, normal, or exponential-described by each of the following probability density functions:a. f(x) = (e - x/7)2/7, x > 0b. f(x) = 1/20, 5 c.
The Space-Based Infrared System (SBIRS) uses satellite imagery to detect and track missiles (Chance, Summer 2005). The probability that an intruding object (e.g., a missile) will be detected on a flight track by SBIRS is .8. Consider a sample of 20 simulated tracks, each with an intruding object.
Millions of suburban commuters use the public transit system (e.g., subway trains) as an alternative to the automobile. While generally perceived as a safe mode of transportation, the average number of deaths per week due to public transit accidents is 5 (Bureau of Transportation Statistics,
An article in the Journal of Quality of Maintenance Engineering (Vol. 19, 2013) studied the problem of finding the optimal replacement policy for a maintenance system. Consider a system that is tested every 12 hours. The test will determine whether there are any flaws in the system. Assume that the
To help highway planners anticipate the need for road repairs and design future construction projects, data are collected on the estimated volume and weight of truck traffic on specific roadways (Transportation Planning Handbook, 2016) using specialized "weigh-in-motion" equipment. In an experiment
Chance (Winter 2004) presented basic methods for detecting virus attacks (e.g., Trojan programs or worms) on a network computer that are sent from a remote host. These viruses reach the network through requests for communication (e.g., e-mail, Web chat, or remote log-in) that are identified as
Whistle-blowing refers to an employee's reporting of wrongdoing by co-workers. A survey found that about 5% of employees contacted had reported wrongdoing during the past 12 months. Assume that a sample of 25 employees in one agency are contacted and let x be the number who have observed and
The journal Networks periodically publishes studies on the reliability of flow networks. For example, Networks (September 2007) provided applications in mobile ad hoc and sensor networks. Consider a similar network with four activities, called arcs. The probability distribution of the capacity x
An assessment of the quality of the electrical power system in Turkey was the topic of an article published in Electrical Engineering (March 2013). One measure of quality is the degree to which voltage fluctuations cause light flicker in the system. The perception of light flicker (x) when the
Suppose that you are purchasing cases of wine (12 bottles per case) and that, periodically, you select a test case to determine the adequacy of the bottles' seals. To do this, you randomly select and test 3 bottles in the case. If a case contains 1 spoiled bottle of wine, what is the probability
A bakery has determined that the number of loaves of its white bread demanded daily has a normal distribution with mean 7,200 loaves and standard deviation 300 loaves. Based on cost considerations, the company has decided that its best strategy is to produce a sufficient number of loaves so that it
A team of consultants working for a large national supermarket chain based in the New York metropolitan area developed a statistical model for predicting the annual sales of potential new store locations. Part of their analysis involved identifying variables that influence store sales, such as the
Almost all companies utilize some type of year-end performance review for their employees. Human Resources (HR) at the University of Texas Health Science Center provides guidelines for supervisors rating their subordinates. For example, raters are advised to examine their ratings for a tendency to
Apps not working on smartphone. In a Pew Research Center survey titled U.S. Smartphone Use in 2015, more than 2,000 smartphone users were asked how often the applications (apps) they downloaded on their cell phones were not working correctly. Responses were recorded as follows: 1 = Frequently, 2 =
Lack of port facilities or shallow water may require cargo on a large ship to be transferred to a pier in smaller craft. The smaller craft may have to cycle back and forth from ship to shore many times. Researchers developed models of this transfer process that provide estimates of ship-to-shore
The probability that a consumer responds to a marketing department's mailed questionnaire is .4. How many questionnaires should be mailed if you want to be reasonably certain that at least 100 will be returned?
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