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mathematics
statistics

Questions and Answers of Statistics

Approximately 20 million Americans work for themselves. Most run single-person businesses out of their homes. One-quarter of these individuals use personal computers in their businesses.A market
Many small retailers advertise in their neighborhoods by sending out flyers. People deliver these to homes and are paid according to the number of flyers delivered. Each deliverer is given several
Medical experts advocate the use of vitamin and mineral supplements to help fight infections. A study undertaken by researchers at Memorial University (reported in the British journal The Lancet,
An inspector for the Atlantic City Gaming Commission suspects that a particular blackjack dealer may be cheating (in favor of the casino) when he deals at expensive tables. To test her belief, she
In 2005 Larry Summers, then president of Harvard University received an avalanche of criticism for his attempt to explain why in mathematics there are more male professors than female professors. His
Refer to Exercise 12.149. The researchers also took a random sample of 702 cars last year. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that American cars this year are on average older than cars last
Are Americans more generous than Canadians? Random samples of American and Canadian tax returns were examined and whether it included a charitable donation were recorded (2 = Yes, 1 = No). Conduct a
A researcher convinced a restaurant to experiment with two different kinds of music. One was faster upbeat music and the second was soft relaxing music. A random sample of diners was drawn and the
A television program in conjunction with a researcher conducted a makeover of a Hardee’s Restaurant. The main room had bright lights and loud music. In a separate room, the renovation brought in
Refer to Exercise 13.214. Customers were also asked how likely they would return to the restaurant (2 = Likely, 1 = Unlikely). Is there enough evidence to infer that when the restaurant features
At a camp cafeteria teenagers were randomly given a tall skinny glass or a short wide glass. As they proceeded through the line they loaded up on the food they wanted and poured whatever drink they
Exercise 12.31 dealt with the amount of time high school students spend per week at part-time jobs. In addition to the hours of part-time work the school guidance counselor recorded the gender of the
The company that organized the survey to determine the amount of discarded newspaper (Example 12.1) kept track of the type of neighborhood (1 = City, 2 = Suburbs). Do these data allow the company
Movie studios segment their markets by age. Two segments that are particularly important to this industry are teenagers and 20- to 30-year-olds. To assess markets and guide the making of movies, a
In addition to asking about educational attainment the survey conducted in Exercise 12.137 also asked whether the respondent had plans in the next 2 years to take a course (1 = No, 2 = Yes). Can we
The objective in the survey conducted in Example 12.6 was to estimate the size of the market segment of adults who are concerned about eating healthy foods. As part of the survey each respondent was
In Exercise 12.35, we described how the office equipment chain OfficeMax offers rebates on some products. The goal in that exercise was to estimate the total amount spent by customers who bought the
In addition to recording whether faculty members who are between 55 and 64 plan to retire before they reach 65 in Exercise 12.105, the consultant asked each to report his or her annual salary. Can
In Exercise 12.110, the statistics practitioner also recorded the gender of the respondents, where 1 = Female and 2 = Male. Can we infer that men and women differ in their choices of Christmas trees?
Can we infer from the data that the Americans were more educated (EDUC) in 2012 than they were in 2010?
Estimate with 95% confidence the difference in income (INCOME) between 2012 and 2010.
Is there enough statistical evidence to conclude that the fraction of Americans working for the government (WRKGOVT) increased between 2010 and 2012?
Estimate with 95% confidence the change in the percentage of American who were working for themselves (WRKSLF) between 2010 and 2012.
Were American adults watching more television (TVHOURS) in 2012 than they were in 2010? Conduct a test to answer the question.
Is there enough statistical evidence to conclude that the percentage of American adults with graduate degrees (DEGREE = 4) changed between 2010 and 2012?
Were Americans working longer hours (HRS1) in 2010 than they did in2012? Conduct an appropriate test.
Shopping malls are more than places where we buy things. We go to malls to watch movies; buy breakfast, lunch, and dinner; exercise; meet friends; and, in general, to socialize. To study the trends,
It is often useful for retailers to determine why their potential customers choose to visit their store. Possible reasons include advertising, advice from a friend, or previous experience. To
In an attempt to reduce the number of person-hours lost as a result of industrial accidents, a large multi-plant corporation installed new safety equipment in all departments and all plants. To test
Is the antilock braking system (ABS) now available as a standard feature on many cars really effective? The ABS works by automatically pumping brakes extremely quickly on slippery surfaces so the
The electric company is considering an incentive plan to encourage its customers to pay their bills promptly. The plan is to discount the bills 1% if the customer pays within 5 days as opposed to the
Traffic experts are always looking for ways to control automobile speeds. Some communities have experimented with “traffic-calming” techniques. These include speed bumps and various obstructions
The proliferation of self-serve pumps at gas stations has generally resulted in poorer automobile maintenance. One feature of poor maintenance is low tire pressure, which results in shorter tire life
Many North American cities encourage the use of bicycles as a way to reduce pollution and traffic congestion. So many people now regularly use bicycles to get to work and for exercise that some
Cardizem CD is a prescription drug that is used to treat high blood pressure and angina. One common side effect of such drugs is the occurrence of headaches and dizziness. To determine whether its
A fast-food franchiser is considering building a restaurant at a downtown location. Based on a financial analysis, a site is acceptable only if the number of pedestrians passing the location during
Most people who quit smoking cigarettes do so for health reasons. However, some quitters find that they gain weight after quitting, and scientists estimate that the health risks of smoking two packs
Golf-equipment manufacturers compete against one another by offering a bewildering array of new products and innovations. Oversized clubs, square grooves, and graphite shafts are examples of such
Managers are frequently called on to negotiate in a variety of settings. This calls for an ability to think logically, which requires an ability to concentrate and ignore distractions. In a study of
Throughout the day, many exercise shows appear on television. These usually feature attractive and fit men and women performing various exercises and urging viewers to duplicate the activity at home.
According to the latest census, the number of households in a large metropolitan area is 425,000. The home-delivery department of the local newspaper reports that 104,320 households receive daily
The Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), which is organized by the Educational Testing Service (ETS), is important to high school students seeking admission to colleges and universities throughout the
A potato chip manufacturer has contracted for the delivery of 15,000,000 kilograms of potatoes. The supplier agrees to deliver the potatoes in 15,000 equal truckloads. The manufacturer suspects that
Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that people who work for the government (WRKGOVT: 1 = Government, 2 = Private) work fewer hours (HRS)?For each of the following variables, conduct a test to
Correct answers to ODDS1: A doctor tells a couple that there is one chance in four that their child will have an inherited disease. Does this mean that if the first child has the illness, the next
Correct answers to ODDS2: A doctor tells a couple that there is one chance in four that their child will have an inherited disease. Does this mean that each of the couple’s children will have the
Correct answers to HOTCORE: The center of the earth is very hot. 1 = True, 2 = False.Correct answer: True.For each of the following variables, conduct a test to determine whether Democrats and
Correct answers to EARTHSUN: Does Earth go around the Sun or does the Sun go around Earth? 1 = Earth around Sun, 2 = Sun around Earth. Correct answer: Earth around Sun.For each of the following
Can we infer from the data that the proportion of Americans earning at least $75,000 is greater in 2008 than in 2006 (INCOME06)?For each of the following variables, conduct a test to determine
Conduct a test to determine whether Democrats and Republicans (PARTY: 1 = Democrat and 2 = Republican) differ in their intention to vote (DEFINITE: 1 = Definitely will not vote, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Conduct a test to determine whether Democrats and Republicans (PARTY: 1 = Democrat and 2 = Republican) differ in how much they thought about the upcoming election for president (THOUGHT: 1 = Quite a
Estimate with 95% confidence Americans mean position on the following question: Should government reduce income differences between rich and poor (EQWLTH: 1 = government should reduce differences, 2,
Estimate with 95% confidence the mean number of years with current employer (CUREMPYR).For each of the following variables, conduct a test to determine whether Democrats and Republicans (PARTY 1 =
Estimate with 90% confidence the proportion of Americans whose income is at least $75,000 (INCOME06).For each of the following variables, conduct a test to determine whether Democrats and Republicans
Estimate with 99% confidence the mean amount of time in a typical day spent by American adults watching news on television, not including sports (TIME2).
Estimate with 95% confidence the proportion of Americans earning at least $100,000.
A statistics practitioner calculated the following statistics:a. Complete the ANOVA table.b. Repeat part (a) changing the sample sizes to 10 each.c. Describe what happens to the F-statistic when the
You are given the following statistics:a. Complete the ANOVA table.b. Repeat part (a) changing the variances to 25 each.c. Describe the effect on the F-statistic of increasing the samplevariances.
The following statistics were calculated:a. Complete the ANOVA table.b. Repeat part (a) changing the sample means to 130, 135, 133, and 140.c. Describe the effect on the F-statistic of increasing the
How does an MBA major affect the number of job offers received? An MBA student randomly sampled four recent graduates, one each in finance, marketing, and management, and asked them to report the
A consumer organization was concerned about the differences between the advertised sizes of containers and the actual amount of product. In a preliminary study, six packages of three different brands
Many college and university students obtain summer jobs. A statistics professor wanted to determine whether students in different degree programs earn different amounts. A random sample of 5 students
Spam is the price we pay for being able to easily communicate by e-mail. Does spam affect everyone equally? In a preliminary study, university professors, administrators, and students were randomly
A management scientist believes that one way of judging whether a computer came equipped with enough memory is to determine the age of the computer. In a preliminary study, random samples of computer
Because there are no national or regional standards, it is difficult for university admission committees to compare graduates of different high schools. University administrators have noted that an
The friendly folks at the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in the United States and Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) are always looking for ways to improve the wording and format of its tax return forms.
Are proficiency test scores affected by the education of the child’s parents? (Proficiency tests are administered to a sample of students in private and public schools. Test scores can range from 0
A manufacturer of outdoor brass lamps and mailboxes has received numerous complaints about premature corrosion. The manufacturer has identified the cause of the problem as the low-quality lacquer
In early 2001, the economy was slowing down and companies were laying off workers. A Gallup poll asked a random sample of workers how long it would be before they had significant financial hardships
In the introduction to this chapter, we mentioned that the first use of the analysis of variance was in the 1920s. It was employed to determine whether different amounts of fertilizer yielded
A study performed by a Columbia University professor (described in Report on Business, August 1991) counted the number of times per minute professors from three different departments said “uh” or
Does the level of success of publicly traded companies affect the way their board members are paid? Publicly traded companies were divided into four quarters using the rate of return in their stocks
In 1994, the chief executive officers of the major tobacco companies testified before a U.S. Senate subcommittee. One of the accusations made was that tobacco firm’s added nicotine to their
There is a bewildering number of breakfast cereals on the market. Each company produces several different products in the belief that there are distinct markets. For example, there is a market
A manufacturer of novelty items is undecided about the price to charge for a new product. The marketing manager knows that it should sell for about $10 but is unsure of whether sales will vary
After determining in Exercise 13.155 that teenagers watch more movies than do 20 to 30 year olds, teenagers were further segmented into three age groups: 12 to 14, 15 to 16, and 17 to 19. Random
As large cities grow larger, traffic congestion also increases. To measure how commuting time differs between California, New York, and Texas, random samples of commuters in each state were drawn. Is
The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) conducts tests of 15-year-olds. The tests jointly developed by the participating countries are tests for reading literary test, mathematical
Is it a myth that Democratic Party supporters are more educated than Independents and Republicans? Conduct a test to determine whether differences in education (EDUC) actually exist.
Does income affect the way Americans choose which party to support? Conduct a statistical procedure to determine whether there are differences in income (INCOME) between Democrats, Independents, and
Refer to Exercise 14.24. If differences in income exist, is it because higher-income Americans work harder? Can we conclude from the data that there are differences in the hours worked (HRS1) between
Who watches more television (TVHOURS), Democrats, Independents, or Republicans? To help answer this question, test to determine whether differences exist.
Are liberals, moderates, and conservatives all equally educated? Test to determine whether differences exist in the amount of education (EDUC).
Can we infer from the data that there are differences in the amount of television watched (TVHOURS)?
Is it a myth that conservatives work harder than do liberals and moderates? Test to determine whether there are differences in number of hours of work per week (HRS1).
Is there sufficient evidence to infer that there are differences in the number of children (CHILDS) between adherents of the three political viewpoints?
Is it true that younger Americans tend to be liberal and older Americans more conservative? To help discover the truth, start by determining whether there is enough statistical evidence to conclude
How do acquiring additional degrees contribute to higher incomes? Conduct a test to determine whether the degree holders (DEGREE: 0 = Left high school, 1 = High school, 2 = Junior college, 3 =
Television networks and their advertisers are constantly measuring viewers to determine their likes and dislikes and how much time adults spend watching television per day. Do the data allow us to
Has educational levels kept uniform over the years 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012? Conduct a test to determine whether the number of years of education (EDUC) differs in the four years.
Has the amount of time Americans devote to work weekly (HRS1) changed over the years 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012? Perform a statistical analysis to answer the question.
Has the amount of television American adults watch been constant over the years 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012 or has the amount varied. Test to determine whether the number of hours of television per
Repeat the chapter-opening example using the data from the American National Election Survey of 2008. That is, test to determine whether annual incomes (INCOME) differ between the seven political
Who has the most and least education among Democrats, Independents, and Republicans?Conduct a statistical test to determine if there is evidence of a difference in education (EDUC) between the three
Who reads newspapers more, Democrat, Independents, or Republicans? Test to determine whether differences exist in the number of days reading a newspaper (DAYS9) between the three political
How are income and degree related? The American National Election Survey asked respondents who reported at least 13 years of education to identify the highest degree completed (DEGREE: 0 = No degree
Are marital status and education related? If so, we would expect the amount of education in at least two of the marital status categories to be different. Conduct a statistical procedure to determine
How definite is one’s intention to vote in the presidential election and is that intention related to party affiliation? To answer this question, conduct a test to determine whether the intention
a. Use Fisherâ€™s LSD method with Î± = .05 to determine which population means differ in the following problem.b. Repeat Part a using the Bonferroni adjustment.c. Repeat Part a using
a. Use Fisherâ€™s LSD procedure with Î± = .05 to determine which population means differ given the following statistics:b. Repeat Part a using the Bonferroni adjustment.c. Repeat Part a using

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