Physicians conducted an experiment to investigate the effectiveness of external hip protectors in pre-venting hip fractures in elderly people. They randomly assigned some people to get hip protectors and others to be the control group. They recorded the number of hip fractures in each group. Do the data in the following table provide sufficient evidence to conclude that hip protectors reduce the likelihood of fracture? Use a chi-square test against a directional alternative following the five steps (a-e) in Exercise 10.2.4. Let α = 0.01.

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Treatment Hip protector Control Response Hip fracture 13 No hip fracture 640 653 67 1081 1148 Total