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physics
electricity and magnetism
Physics 2nd edition Alan Giambattista, Betty Richardson, Robert Richardson - Solutions
Is there a point along his line joining two equal positive charges where the electric field is zero? Where the electric potential is zero? Explain.
Can a particle over move from a region of low electric potential to one of high potential and yet have its electric potential energy decrease? Explain.
Compare the kinetic energy gained by a proton (q = + e) to the energy gained by an alpha particle (q = +2e) accelerated by the same voltage V.
If V = 0 at a point in space, must E = 0 there? If E = 0 at some point, must V = 0 at that point? Explain. Give examples for each.
Can two equipotential lines cross? Explain.
Draw in a few equipotential lines in Fig. 16-31b.
What can you say about the electric field in a region of space that has the same potential throughout?
A satellite orbits the Earth along a gravitational equipotential line. What shape must the orbit be?
When dealing with practical devices, we often take the ground (the Earth) to be 0 V. if, instead, we said the ground was –10 V, how would this affect?(a) The potential V, and (b) The electric field E, at other points?
When a battery is connected to a capacitor, why do the two plates acquire charges of the same magnitude? Will this be true if the two conductors are different sizes or shapes?
We have seen that the capacitance C depends on the size, shape, and position of the two conductors as well as on the dielectric constant K. What then did we mean when we said that C is a constant in Eq. 17-7?
How much work does the electric field do in moving a – 7.7μC charge from ground to a point whose potential is + 55 V higher?
How much work does the electric field do in moving a proton from a point with a potential of + 125 V to a point where it is –55V? Express your answer both in joules and electron volts.
How much kinetic energy will an electron gain (in joules and eV) if it accelerates through a potential difference of 23,000V in a TV picture tube?
An electron acquires 7.45 X 10-16J of kinetic energy when it is accelerated by an electric field from plate A to plate B. What is the potential difference between the plates, and which plate is at the higher potential?
How strong is the electric field between two parallel plates 5.8 mm apart if the potential difference between them is 220 V?
An electric field of 640V/m is desired between two parallel plates 11.0 mm apart. How large a voltage should be applied?
The electric field between two parallel plates connected to a 45-V battery is 1500 V/m. How far apart are the plates?
What potential difference is needed to give a helium nucleus (Q = 2e) 65.0 ke V of kinetic energy?
Two parallel plates, connected to a 200-V power supply, are separated by an air gap. How small can the gap be if the air is not to become conducting by exceeding its breakdown value of E = 3 X 106 V/m?
The work done by an external force to move a –8.5μC charge from point a to point b is 15.0 X 10-4J. If the charge was started from rest and had 4.82 X 10-4J of kinetic energy when it reached point b what must be the potential difference between and b?
What is the speed of an electron with kinetic energy?(a) 75—eV, and(b) 3.2-keV?
What is the speed of a proton whose kinetic energy is 3.2 keV?
An alpha particle (which is a helium nucleus, Q = + 2e, m = 6.64 X 10-27kg) is emitted in a radioactive decay with KE = 5.53 MeV. What is its speed?
What is the electric potential 15.0cm from a 4.00μC point charge?
A point charge Q creates n electric potential of + 125 V at a distance of 15cm. What is Q?
A + 35 μC point charge is placed 32 cm from an identical + 35 μC charge. How much work would be required to move a + 0.50μC test charge from a point midway between them to a point 12cm closer to either of the charges?
Draw a conductor in the shape of a football. This conductor carries a net negative charge, -Q. Draw in a dozen electric field lines and two equipotential lines.
(a) What is the electric potential a distance of 2.5 X 10-15m away from a proton?(b) What is the electric potential energy of a system that consists of two protons 2.5 X 10-15 m apart-as might occur inside a typical nucleus?
Three point charges are arranged at the corners of a square of side L as shown in Fig. 17-25. What is the potential at the fourth corner (point A) Taking V = 0 at a great distance?
An electron starts from rest 32.5 cm from a fixed point charge with Q = - 0.125μC. How fast will the electron be moving when it is very far away?
A sinusoidal electromagnetic wave from a radio station passes perpendicularly through an open window that bas area 0.500 m2. At the window, the electric field of the wave bas rms value 0.0200 V 1m. How much energy does this wave carry through the window during a 30.0-s commercial?
Two identical +9.5μC point charges are initially 3.5cm from each other. If they are released at the same instant from rest, how fast will each be moving when they are very far away from each other? Assume they have identical masses of 1.0 mg.
How much work must be done to bring three electrons from a great distance apart to 1.0 X 10-10 m from one another (at the corners of an equilateral triangle)?
Consider point a which is 72cm north of a €“3.8μC point charge, and point b which is 88cm west of the charge (Fig. 17-26). Determine.(a) Vba = Vb €“ Va and.(b) Eb = Ea (magnitude and direction).
How much voltage must be used to accelerate a proton (radius 1.2 X 10-15m) so that it has sufficient energy to just penetrate a silicon nucleus? A silicon nucleus has a charge of + 14e, and its radius is about 3.6 X 10-15m. Assume the potential is that for point charges.
Two equal but opposite charges are separated by a distance d, as shown in Fig. 17-27. Determine a formula for VBA = VB €“ VA for points B and A on the line between the charges.
In the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, an electron orbits a proton (the nucleus) in a circular orbit of radius 0.53 X 10-10m. (a) What is the electric potential at the electron’s orbit due to the proton? (b) What is the kinetic energy of the electron? (c) What is the total energy of the
An electron and a proton are 0.53 X 10-10 m apart. What is their dipole moment if they are at rest?
Calculate the electric potential due to a dipole whose dipole moment is 4.8 X 10-30C∙m at a point 1.1 X 10-9 m away if this point is? (a) Along the axis of the dipole nearer the positive charge; (b) 45o above the axis but nearer the positive charge; (c) 45o above the axis but nearer the
The dipole moment, considered as a vector, points from the negative to the positive charge. The water molecule, Fig. 17-28, ahs a dipole moment P which can be considered as the vector sum of the two dipole moments, P1 and P2, as shown. The distance between each H and the O is about 0.96 X 10-10m.
The two plates of a capacitor hold + 2500μC and –2500μC of charge, respectively, when the potential difference is 850V. What is the capacitance?
A 9500-pF capacitor holds plus and minus charges of 16.5 X 10-8C. What is the voltage across the capacitor?
The potential difference between two short sections of parallel wire in air is 120 V. They carry equal and opposite charge of magnitude 95pC. What is the capacitance of the two wires?
How much charge flows from each terminal of a 12.0.V battery when it is connected to a 7.00-μF capacitor?
A 0.20-F capacitor is desired. What area must the plates have if they are to be separated by a 2.2-mm air gap?
The charge on a capacitor increased by 18μC when the voltage across it increases from 97V to 121 V what is the capacitance of the capacitor?
An electric field of 8.50 X 105 V/m is desired between two parallel plates, each of area 35.0 cm2 and separated by 2.45mm of air. What charge must be on each plate?
If a capacitor has opposite 5.2μC charges on the plates, and an electric field of 2.0kV/mm is desired between the plates, what must each plate’s area be?
How strong is the electric field between the plates of a 0.80-μF air-gap capacitor if they are 2.0mm apart and each has a charge of 72μC?
A 7.7-μF capacitor is charged by a 125-V battery (Fig. 17-29a) and then is disconnected from the battery. When this capacitor (C1) is then connected (Fig. 17-29b) to a second (initially uncharged) capacitor, C2, the final voltage on each capacitor is 15V, what is the value of C2?
A 2.50-μF capacitor is charged to 857V and a 6.80- μF capacitor is charged to 652V. These capacitors are then disconnected from their batteries. Next the positive plates are connected to each other and the negative plates are connected to each other. What will be the potential difference
What is the capacitance of two square parallel plates 5.5cm on a side that are separated by 1.8mm of paraffin?
What is the capacitance of a pair of circular plates with a radius of 5.0 cm separated by 3.2 mm of mica?
A 3500-pF air-gap capacitor is connected to a 22-V battery. If a piece of mica is placed between the plates how much charge will flow from the battery?
The electric field between the plates of a paper-separated (K = 3.75) capacitor is 8.24 X 104 V/m. The plates are 1.95mm apart, and the charge on each plate is 0.775μC. Determine the capacitance of this capacitor and the area of each plate.
650 V is applied to a 2200-pF capacitor. How much energy is stored?
A cardiac defibrillator is used to shock a heart that is beating erratically. A capacitor in this device is charged to 5.0kV and stores 1200 J of energy. What is its capacitance?
How much energy is stored by the electric field between two square plates, 8.0 cm on a side, separated by a 1.5-mm air gap? The charges on the plates are equal and opposite and of magnitude 420μC.
A homemade capacitor is assembled by placing two 9.in pie pans 5 cm apart and connecting them to the opposite terminals of a 9-V battery. Estimate (a) The capacitance, (b) The charge on each plate,(c) The electric field halfway between the plates, and (d) The work done by the battery to charge the
A parallel-plate capacitor has fixed charges + Q and –Q. The separation of the plates is then double. (a) By what facto does the energy stored in the electric field change?(b) How much work must be done in doubling the plate separation from d to 2d? The area of each plate is A.
How does the energy stored in a capacitor change if? (a) The potential difference is double, and (b) The charge on each plate is doubled, as the capacitor remains connected to a battery?
A 2.70μF capacitor is charged by a 12.0-V battery. If is disconnected from the battery and then connected to an uncharged 4.00μF capacitor (Fig. 17-29). Determine the total stored energy. (a) Before the two capacitors are connect, and. (b) After they are connected. (c) What is the
In a given CRT, electrons are accelerated horizontally by 7.0 kV. They then pass through a uniform electric field E for a distance of 2.8 cm, which deflects them upward so they reach the screen top 22cm away, 11 cm above the center. Estimate the value of E.
Electrons are accelerated by 6.0 kV in a CRT. The screen is 30 cm wide and is 34 cm from the 2.6-cm-long deflection plates. Over what range must the horizontally deflecting electric field vary to sweep the beam fully across the screen?
An electron starting from rest acquires 6.3keV of KE in moving from point A to point B. (a) How much Ke would a proton acquire, starting from rest at B and moving to point A?(b) Determine the ratio of their speeds at the end of their respective trajectories.
A lightning flash transfers 4.0 C of charge and 4.2 MJ of energy to the Earth.(a) Across what potential difference did it travel?(b) How much water could this boil and vaporize, starting from room temperature?
There is an electric field near the Earth’s surface whose magnitude is about 150 V/m. How much energy is stored per cubic meter in this field?
In a television picture tube, electrons are accelerated by thousands of volts through a vacuum. If a television set were laid on its back, would electrons be able to move upward against the force of gravity? What potential difference, acting over a distance of 3.0cm, would be needed to balance the
A huge 4.0-F capacitor has enough stored energy to heat 2.5 kg of water from 21o C to 95oC. What is the potential difference across the plates?
An uncharged capacitor is connected to a 24.0-V battery until it is fully charged, after which it is disconnected from the battery. A slab of paraffin is then inserted between the plates. What will now be the voltage between the plates?
Dry air will break down if the electric field exceeds 3.0 X 106 V/m. What amount of charge can be placed on a parallel-plate capacitor if the area of each plate is 56 cm2?
Three charges are at the corners of an equilateral triangle (side L) as shown in Fig. 17-30. Determine the potential at the midpoint of each of the sides.
A 3.4 μC and a –2.6μC charge are placed 1.6 cm apart. At what points along the line joining them is? (a) The electric field zero, and (b) The electric potential zero?
A 2600-pF air-gap capacitor is connected to a 9.0-V battery. If a piece of Pyrex glass is placed between the plates, how much charge will then flow from the battery?
An electron is accelerated horizontally from rest in a television picture tube by a potential difference of 5500 V. It then passes between two horizontal plates 6.5 cm long and 1.3 cm apart that have a potential difference of 250V (Fig 17-31). At what angle θ will the electron be traveling
A capacitor of capacitance C1 carries a charge Q0. It is then connected directly to a second, uncharged, capacitor of capacitance C2, as shown in Fig. 17-32. What charge will each carry now? What will be the potential difference across each?
To get an idea how big a farad is, suppose you want to make a 1-F air-filled parallel-plate capacitor for a circuit you are building. To make it a reasonable size, suppose you limit the plate area to 1.0cm2. What would the gap have to be between the plates? Is this practically achievable?
Near the surface of the Earth there is an electric field of about 150 V/m which points downward. Two identical balls with mass m = 0.540 kg are dropped from a height of 2.00m, but one of the balls is positively charged with q1 = 650μC, and the second is negatively charged with q2 = –
The power supply for a pulsed nitrogen laser has a 0.050- μF capacitor with a maximum voltage rating of 30kV. (a) Estimate how much energy could be stored in this capacitor. (b) If 12% of this stored electrical energy is converted to light energy in a pulse that is 8.0 micro-seconds long,
In lightning storms, the potential difference between the Earth and the bottom of the thunderclouds can be as high as 35,000,000V. The bottoms of the thunderclouds are typically 1500m above the Earth, and can have an area of 110km2. Modeling the Earth-cloud system as a huge capacitor, calculate(a)
In a photocell, ultraviolet (UV) light provides enough energy to some electrons in barium metal to eject them from a surface at high speed. See Fig. 17-33. To measure the maximum energy of the electrons, another plate above the barium surface is kept at a negative enough potential that the emitted
A + 33 μC point charge is placed 36cm from an identical + 33μC charge. A €“ 1.5μC charge is moved from point a to point b in Fig. 17-34. What is the change in potential energy?
A capacitor is made from two 1.1-cm-diameter coins separated by a 0.15-mm-thick piece of paper (K = 3.7). A 12-V battery is connected to the capacitor. How much charge is on each coin?
A + 4.5μC charge is 23cm to the right of a –8.2μC charge at the midpoint between the two charges? (a) What are the potential and. (b) The electric field?
A parallel-plate capacitor with plate area 2.0cm2 and air-fully charged the battery is then disconnected.(a) What is the charge on the capacitor?(b) The plates are now pulled to a separation of 0.75mm. What is the charge on the capacitor now?(c) What is the potential difference across the plates
When an electric cell is connected to a circuit, electrons flow away from the negative terminal in the circuit. But within the cell, electrons flow to the negative terminal. Explain.
Two point charges are fixed 4.0cm apart from each other. Their charges are Q1 = Q2 = 5.0μC, and their masses are m1 = 1.5mg and m2 = 2.5 mg. (a) If Q1 is released from rest, what will be its speed after a very long time? (b) If both charges are released from rest at the same time, what will
Two charges are placed as shown in Fig. 17-35 with q1 = 1.5μC and Q2 = €“ 3.3μC. Find the potential difference between points A and B.
If a wire of resistance R is stretched uniformly so that its length doubles, by what factor does the power dissipated in the wire change, assuming it remains hooked up to the same voltage source?
When an electric cell is connected to a circuit, electrons flow away from the negative terminal in the circuit. But within the cell, electrons flow to the negative terminal. Explain.
Explain why birds can sit on power lines safely, whereas leaning a metal ladder up against a power line to fetch a stuck like is extremely dangerous
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Christmas tree lights connected in parallel versus those connected in series.
If all you have is a 120-V line, would it be possible to light several 6-V lamps without burning them out? How?
When a flashlight is operated, what is being used up; battery current, battery voltage, battery energy, battery power, or battery resistance? Explain.
Two lightbulb of resistance R1 and R2 (R2 > R1) are connected in series. Which is brighter? What if they are connected in parallel? Explain.
One terminal of a car battery is said to be connected to “ground”. Since it is not really connected to the ground, what is meant by this expression?
Household outlets are often double outlets. Are these connected in series or parallel? How do you know?
When you turn on a water faucet, the water usually flows immediately. You don’t have to wait for water to flow from the faucet valve to the spout. Why not? Is the same thing true when you connect a wire to the terminals of a battery?
Can a copper wire and an aluminum wire of the same length have the same resistance? Explain.
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