Fundamentals of Physics 10th Extended edition Jearl Walker, Halliday Resnick - Solutions

Which conservation law is violated in each of these proposed reactions and decays? (Assume that the products have zero orbital angular momentum.) (a) (0 ( p + K-; (b) (- ( (- + (0 (S = -3, q = -1, m = 1672 MeV/c2, and ms = 3/2 for (-); (c) K- + p ((0 + (+.
Does the proposed reactionP + p̅ ( (0 + (+ + e-Conserve(a) Charge,(b) Baryon number,(c) Electron lepton number,(d) Spin angular momentum,(e) Strangeness, and(f) Muon lepton number?
Does the proposed decay processConserve(a) Charge,(b) Baryon number,(c) Spin angular momentum, and(d) Strangeness?
By examining strangeness, determine which of the following decays or reactions proceed via the strong interaction:(a) K0 ( (+ + (¯;(b) (0 + p ( (+ + n;(c) (0 ( p + (¯;(d) K- + p ( (0 + (0.
The reaction (+ + p ( p + p + n̅ proceeds via the strong interaction. By applying the conservation laws, deduce the (a) Charge quantum number, (b) Baryon number, and (c) Strangeness of the antineutron.
Certain theories predict that the proton is unstable, with a half-life of about 1032 years. Assuming that this is true, calculate the number of proton decays you would expect to occur in one year in the water of an Olympic-sized swimming pool holding 4.32 ( 105 L of water.
There are 10 baryons with spin .Their symbols and quantum numbers for charge q and strangeness S are as follows:Make a charge-strangeness plot for these baryons, using the sloping coordinate system of Fig. 44-3. Compare your plot with this figure.
Use the conservation laws and Tables 44-3 and 44-4 to identify particle x in each of the following reactions, which proceed by means of the strong interaction:(a) p + p ( p + (0 + x;(b) p + pÌ… ( n + x;
A 220 MeV (- particle decays: (- ( (- + n. Calculate the total kinetic energy of the decay products.
Consider the decay (0 ( p + (- with the (0 at rest.(a) Calculate the disintegration energy. What is the kinetic energy of (b) the proton and (c) the pion? (See Problem 6.)
The spin - 3/2 (*0 baryon (see table in Problem 24) has a rest energy of 1385 MeV (with an intrinsic uncertainty ignored here); the spin - 1/2 (0 baryon has a rest energy of 1192.5 MeV. If each of these particles has a kinetic energy of 1000 MeV, (a) which is moving faster and (b) by how much?
From Tables 44-3 and 44-5, determine the identity of the baryon formed from quarks(a) ddu,(b) uus, and(c) ssd. Check your answers against the baryon octet shown in Fig. 44-3(.
What is the quark makeup of K̅0?
What quark combination is needed to form (a) (0 and (b)?
Which hadron in Tables 44-3 and 44-4 corresponds to the quark bundles (a) ssu and (b) dds?
An electron and a positron undergo pair annihilation (Eq. 44-5). If they had approximately zero kinetic energy before the annihilation, what is the wavelength of each g produced by the annihilation?
Using the up, down, and strange quarks only, construct, if possible, a baryon (a) with q = +1 and strangeness S= -2 and (b) with q = +2 and strangeness S = 0.
In the laboratory, one of the lines of sodium is emitted at a wavelength of 590.0 nm. In the light from a particular galaxy, however, this line is seen at a wavelength of 602.0 nm. Calculate the distance to the galaxy, assuming that Hubble's law holds and that the Doppler shift of Eq. 37-36 applies.
Because of the cosmological expansion, a particular emission from a distant galaxy has a wavelength that is 2.00 times the wavelength that emission would have in a laboratory. Assuming that Hubble's law holds and that we can apply Doppler-shift calculations, what was the distance (ly) to that
What is the observed wavelength of the 656.3 nm (first Balmer) line of hydrogen emitted by a galaxy at a distance of 2.40 ( 108 ly? Assume that the Doppler shift of Eq. 37-36 and Hubble's law apply.
An object is 1.5 ( 104 ly from us and does not have any motion relative to us except for the motion due to the expansion of the universe. If the space between us and it expands according to Hubble's law, with H = 21.8 mm/s ly, (a) How much extra distance (meters) will be between us and the object
If Hubble's law can be extrapolated to very large distances, at what distance would the apparent recessional speed become equal to the speed of light?
What would the mass of the Sun have to be if Pluto (the outermost "planet" most of the time) were to have the same orbital speed that Mercury (the innermost planet) has now? Use data from Appendix C, express your answer in terms of the Sun's current mass MS, and assume circular orbits.
The wavelength at which a thermal radiator at temperature T radiates electromagnetic waves most intensely is given by Wien's law: (max = (2898 (m ( K)/T. (a) Show that the energy E of a photon corresponding to that wavelength can be computed from E = (4.28 ( 10-10 MeV/K)T. (b) At what minimum
Use Wien's law (see Problem 37) to answer the following questions: (a) The cosmic background radiation peaks in intensity at a wavelength of 1.1 mm. To what temperature does this correspond? (b) About 379 000 y after the big bang, the universe became transparent to electromagnetic radiation. Its
Will the universe continue to expand forever? To attack this question, assume that the theory of dark energy is in error and that the recessional speed v of a galaxy a distance r from us is determined only by the gravitational interaction of the matter that lies inside a sphere of radius r centered
A neutral pion initially at rest decays into two gamma rays: (0 ( ( + (. Calculate the wavelength of the gamma rays. Why must they have the same wavelength?
Because the apparent recessional speeds of galaxies and quasars at great distances are close to the speed of light, the relativistic Doppler shift formula (Eq. 37-31) must be used. The shift is reported as fractional red shift z = ((/(0.(a) Show that, in terms of z, the recessional speed parameter
An electron jumps from n = 3 to n = 2 in a hydrogen atom in a distant galaxy, emitting light. If we detect that light at a wavelength of 3.00 mm, by what multiplication factor has the wavelength, and thus the universe, expanded since the light was emitted?
Due to the presence everywhere of the cosmic background radiation, the minimum possible temperature of a gas in interstellar or intergalactic space is not 0 K but 2.7 K. This implies that a significant fraction of the molecules in space that can be in a low level excited state may, in fact, be so.
Suppose that the radius of the Sun were increased to 5.90 ( 1012 m (the average radius of the orbit of Pluto), that the density of this expanded Sun were uniform, and that the planets revolved within this tenuous object.(a) Calculate Earth's orbital speed in this new configuration.(b) What is the
Suppose that the matter (stars, gas, dust) of a particular galaxy, of total mass M, is distributed uniformly throughout a sphere of radius R.A star of mass m is revolving about the center of the galaxy in a circular orbit of radius r < R. (a) Show that the orbital speed v of the star is given by v
There is no known meson with charge quantum number q = +1 and strangeness S = -1 or with q = -1 and S = +1. Explain why in terms of the quark model.
Figure 44-12 is a hypothetical plot of the recessional speeds v of galaxies against their distance r from us; the best-fit straight line through the data points is shown. From this plot determine the age of the universe, assuming that Hubble's law holds and that Hubble's constant has always had the
How much energy would be released if Earth were annihilated by collision with an anti-Earth?
A particle game. Figure 44-13 is a sketch of the tracks made by particles in a fictional cloud chamber experiment (with a uniform magnetic field directed perpendicular to the page), and Table 44-6 gives fictional quantum numbers associated with the particles making the tracks. Particle A entered
Figure 44-14 shows part of the experimental arrangement in which antiprotons were discovered in the 1950s.A beam of 6.2 GeV protons emerged from a particle accelerator and collided with nuclei in a copper target. According to theoretical predictions at the time, collisions between protons in the
An electron and a positron are separated by distance r. Find the ratio of the gravitational force to the electric force between them. From the result, what can you conclude concerning the forces acting between particles detected in a bubble chamber? (Should gravitational interactions be considered?)
Verify that the hypothetical proton decay scheme in Eq. 44-14 does not violate the conservation law of (a) charge, (b) energy, and (c) linear momentum. (d) How about angular momentum?Figure 44-15 Problem 51.
Cosmological red shift. The expansion of the universe is often represented with a drawing like Fig. 44-15a. In that figure, we are located at the symbol labeled MW (for the Milky Way galaxy), at the origin of an r axis that extends radially away from us in any direction. Other, very distant
Calculate the difference in mass, in kilograms, between the muon and pion of Sample Problem 44.01.
An electron and a positron, each with a kinetic energy of 2.500 MeV, annihilate, creating two photons that travel away in opposite directions. What is the frequency of each photon?
(a) A stationary particle 1 decays into particles 2 and 3, which move off with equal but oppositely directed momenta. Show that the kinetic energy K2 of particle 2 is given bywhere E1, E2, and E3 are the rest energies of the particles.(b) A stationary positive pion (+ (rest energy 139.6 MeV) can
The rest energy of many short-lived particles cannot be measured directly but must be inferred from the measured momenta and known rest energies of the decay products. Consider the (0 meson, which decays by the reaction (0 ( (+ + (-. Calculate the rest energy of the (0 meson given that the
A positive tau ((+, rest energy = 1777 MeV) is moving with 2200 MeV of kinetic energy in a circular path perpendicular to a uniform 1.20 T magnetic field. (a) Calculate the momentum of the tau in kilogram-meters per second. Relativistic effects must be considered. (b) Find the radius of the
Observations of neutrinos emitted by the supernova SN1987a (Fig. 43-12b) place an upper limit of 20 eV on the rest energy of the electron neutrino. If the rest energy of the electron neutrino were, in fact, 20 eV, what would be the speed difference between light and a 1.5 MeV electron neutrino?

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