Provide the missing reasons for the steps verifying the following argument: Steps Reasons (1) x [p(x) ¨
Question:
Steps Reasons
(1) x [p(x) ¨ q(x)] Premise
(2) x ¬p(x) Premise
(3) ¬ p(a) Step (2) and the definition of the truth for x ¬ p(x).
[Here a is an element (replacement) from the universe
for which ¬p(x) is true.] The reason for this step is also
referred to as the Rule of Existential Specification.
(4) p(a) ¨ q(a)
(5) q(a)
(6) x [¬q(x) ¨ r(x)]
(7) ¬q(a) ¨ r(a)
(8) q(a) r(a)
(9) r(a)
(10) x [s(x) ¬ r (x)]
(11) s(a) ¬ r(a)
(12) r(a) ¬s(a)
(13) ¬s(a)
(14) ´ x ¬s(x) Step (13) and the definition of the truth for x ¬s(x).
The reason for this step is also referred to as the Rule
of Existential Generalization.
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Related Book For
Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics An Applied Introduction
ISBN: 978-0201726343
5th edition
Authors: Ralph P. Grimaldi
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