Since Bags are the units in this study, the Bag effect is the same as a residual effect. Create a table similar to Table 5.1 to calculate the residual effect by subtracting all other effects from each Bag average (the observed percentage popped from each bag).

Table 5.1 Brand and Box effect calculations. Each Box effect is found by subtracting the Brand effect and grand mean from each Box average.

Box Brand Grand Box Brand Box Average Effect Mean Effect Exp 1 80 05 84 4.5 Exp 2 86 0.5 841.5 Exp Gen Gen Gen 84-4.5 86.5