Water flows across the outside of a bank of tubes. It enters at 30°C and leaves at 40°C. The water enters at a flowrate of 34.27 kg/s, the shell diameter is 20 in, the baffle spacing is half (½) the shell diameter, the baffle cut (BC) is 15%, and ¾-in outside diameter (OD) tubes on a 1-in pitch are used. The fluid inside the tubes may be assumed to be at a constant temperature of 90°C (condensing organic), the inside coefficient is expected to be much higher than the shell-side coefficient, and thus the wall temperature may be taken as 90°C.

Use Kern’s method to determine the average heat transfer coefficient for the shell side for the following arrangements:

Square pitch Equilateral triangular pitch