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applied statistics and multivariate
Straightforward Statistics With Excel 2nd Edition Chieh-Chen Bowen - Solutions
Calculate variance and standard deviation using formulas
Describe and differentiate among the three common variability measures: (1) range, (2) variance, and (3)standard deviation
2. What are the mode, median, and the estimated mean of employees’ annual salary?
1. What is the distribution shape of the employees’ income?Create a histogram of employees’ annual salary and comment on the shape of the distribution.
3. What are the mode, median, and mean of the traffic citations?
2. What is distribution shape of the traffic citations? Create a histogram and comment on the shape of the distribution of traffic citations.
1. What was the total dollar amount collected from the traffic citations in this small city in the past 12 months?
12. In a positively skewed distribution, the mean would be 1. larger than the median 2. smaller than the median 3. equal to the median 4. none of the above
11. Mean is an appropriate statistical measure for central tendency for __________ scales of measurement.1. nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio 2. ordinal, interval, and ratio 3. both interval and ratio 4. only ratio
10. When there are 12 observations in a small sample, the median is calculated by 1. the sixth position of an ascending sorted data 2. the average value of the sixth position and the seventh position of an ascending sorted data 3. the sixth position of the data as they were presented without
9. In a frequency distribution, the __________ is the score or category that has the highest frequency.1. mean 2. median 3. mode 4. range
8. In a positively skewed distribution, scores with the highest frequencies are __________.1. on the high end (right side) of the distribution
7. In a sample where outliers are present, the worst statistical measure to represent the central tendency is __________.1. the mean 2. the median 3. the mode 4. all of the above
What is wrong with the following frequency table?
5. Calculate mean quiz score of students based on the following frequency table.
4. What is the sample size according to the frequency table of students’ homework grades?
3. The appropriate number of categories in a frequency table is 1. 5 ± 2 2. 7 ± 2
2. A proportion describes the frequency (f) of a category in relation to the total frequency or sample size (n), It is also called a __________.1. frequency 2. relative frequency 3. cumulative relative frequency 4. correlation
1. A __________ skewness is a distribution with a high concentration of data points at the high end of the distribution and a long tail toward the low end of the distribution.1. negative 2. positive 3. discrete 4. continuous
4. Make sure that there are no overlaps between any two adjacent intervals. For continuous variables, each interval includes the lower limit but not the upper limit.
3. Create the categories or equal intervals in an ascending order.
2. Construct a frequency table with 7 ± 2 categories. When the range is too large to construct a table with individual values, choose an appropriate and convenient interval, usually in 5s or 10s, if feasible.
1. Identify the minimal and maximal values of the variable. Calculate the range.
2. What is the estimated mean for the student loans based on the frequency table?
1. Create a histogram based on the frequency table and comment on the shape of the distribution.
2. Student loans are at the historical record high. Many college students are incurring large amount of debts while pursuing their degrees. Here is a frequency table of student loans from a random sample of n = 35 students in Table 2.14.
1. Workouts are necessary to keep you healthy. Although we all know the importance of keeping an active lifestyle, school and work demands usually get in the way. Here is a list of 20 college students’ number of workouts during last week.
6. The normal distribution curve is symmetric around which point of the distribution?1. mean 2. median 3. mode 4. all of the above
5. In a negatively skewed distribution, the mean would be 1. larger than the median.2. smaller than the median.
2. it is not affected much by extreme values of the variable. It remains relatively stable even with extreme values in the variable.
1. its calculation does not involve every value in the variable, and
4. A __________ skewed distribution is a distribution with a high concentration of data points at the low end of the values and a long tail toward the high end of the values.1. positively 2. negatively 3. doubly 4. exponentially
3. Which one of the following variables is most likely to be used to create histograms?1. Nominal variables 2. Ordinal variables 3. Discrete variables 4. Continuous variables?
2. When constructing a frequency table with equal intervals of a continuous variable X, each interval consists of same width. To make sure that there is no overlap between two adjacent intervals, each interval actually includes 1. lower limit < X < upper limit.2. lower limit ≤ X < upper limit.3.
1. In a statistics class, students’ quiz scores on a pop quiz with only four questions were reported in the frequency table below. Use the frequency table to calculate the total quiz score for the class.
4. Make sure that there is no overlap between two adjacent intervals. For continuous variables, each interval includes the lower limit but not the upper limit.
3. Create the equal intervals in an ascending order.
2. Choose an appropriate and convenient interval, usually in 5s or 10s if feasible, to construct a frequency table with 7 ± 2 equal intervals.
1. Identify the minimal and maximal values of the variable. Calculate the range.
Adjust the mean formula when using frequency tables?
Calculate mean from the formula
Differentiate among the three common central tendency measures: (1) mode, (2) median, and (3) mean
Define the positively skewed and negatively skewed distributions
Identify the common distribution shapes
Identify the differences between bar graphs and histograms
Create a frequency distribution table with equal intervals to summarize data
Construct a frequency distribution table with individual values to summarize data
13. X = 4, 5, 6, and 9; Y = −1, −1, 1, and 2; compute (∑XY)2 and∑(X − 5)(Y + 1)
12. X = 3, 4, 5, and 7; Y = −1, 0, 1, and 2; compute ∑X 2Y 2 and∑(X − 2)(Y − 3)
11. X = 3, 4, 5, and 7; Y = −1, 0, 1, and 2; compute ∑XY and(∑XY)2
10. X = −3, 0, 1, and 2; compute ∑X, ∑(X − 1)2, and ∑X 2 − 3
9. X = 3, 4, 5, and 7; compute ∑X, (∑X)2, and ∑X 2
8. The measure of income is an example of a(n) __________ scale of measurement.1. nominal 2. ordinal 3. interval 4. ratio
7. Which of the following pairs is usually unknown parameters of the population?1. and µ2. s and σ3. s 2 and σ2 4. µ and σ
6. The measure of temperature in Fahrenheit is an example of a(n)__________ scale of measurement.1. nominal 2. ordinal 3. interval 4. ratio
5. Gender, religion, and ethnicity are measurements on a(n)__________ scale.1. nominal 2. ordinal 3. interval 4. ratio
4. For X = 0, 1, 6, 3, what is (∑X)2?1. 20 2. 46 3. 64 4. 100
3. What additional characteristic is required on a ratio scale compared with an interval scale?1. Whether the measurements are the same or different 2. The order of the magnitudes 3. An absolute zero 4. Scores with equal units
2. A quantity, usually an unknown numerical value that describes a population, is a __________.1. parameter 2. statistic 3. population 4. sample
1. A researcher was interested in the sleeping habits of college students. A group of 50 students were selected at random and interviewed. The researcher found that these students slept an average of 6.7 hours per day. For this study, the 50 students are an example of a __________.1. parameter 2.
3. Where X = 1, 2, 3, and 4, and Y = 2, 4, 6, and 8, compute ∑(X −3)(Y − 5) and ∑X 2Y 2.
2. Researchers investigated the gender gap in pay for physicians.An online salary survey was sent out to the members of the American Medical Association with an electronic link. What type of research was this study? What kind of sample was likely to be obtained by this online survey?
1. Researchers studied the effect of driving while texting on driving mistakes. College students were recruited to participate in the study. Due to risk of actual driving on the road, researchers conducted the research in a lab with a driving simulator. Students were randomly assigned to one of the
7. What type of research design is used in this study?
6. What is the dependent variable of this study?
5. What is the independent variable of this study?
How can we assess the strength of the conclusions?
How can we analyze the data and draw conclusions?
How should we organize the data?
How many data are needed to provide sufficient guidance?
What kind of data need to be collected?
Identify numeric characteristics of each scale of measurement?
Provide two or three examples of each scale of measurement
Define scales of measurement
Define descriptive statistics and inferential statistics
Define samples and populations
2. What are the mode, median, and the estimated mean of employees’ annual salary?
1. What is the distribution shape of the employees’ income?Create a histogram of employees’ annual salary and comment on the shape of the distribution.
3. What are the mode, median, and mean of the traffic citations?
2. What is distribution shape of the traffic citations? Create a histogram and comment on the shape of the distribution of traffic citations.
1. What was the total dollar amount collected from the traffic citations in this small city in the past 12 months?
12. In a positively skewed distribution, the mean would be 1. larger than the median 2. smaller than the median 3. equal to the median 4. none of the above
11. Mean is an appropriate statistical measure for central tendency for __________ scales of measurement.1. nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio 2. ordinal, interval, and ratio 3. both interval and ratio 4. only ratio
10. When there are 12 observations in a small sample, the median is calculated by 1. the sixth position of an ascending sorted data 2. the average value of the sixth position and the seventh position of an ascending sorted data 3. the sixth position of the data as they were presented without
9. In a frequency distribution, the __________ is the score or category that has the highest frequency.1. mean 2. median 3. mode 4. range
8. In a positively skewed distribution, scores with the highest frequencies are __________.1. on the high end (right side) of the distribution
7. In a sample where outliers are present, the worst statistical measure to represent the central tendency is __________.1. the mean 2. the median 3. the mode 4. all of the above
What is wrong with the following frequency table?
5. Calculate mean quiz score of students based on the following frequency table.
4. What is the sample size according to the frequency table of students’ homework grades?
3. The appropriate number of categories in a frequency table is 1. 5 ± 2 2. 7 ± 2
2. A proportion describes the frequency (f) of a category in relation to the total frequency or sample size (n), It is also called a __________.1. frequency 2. relative frequency 3. cumulative relative frequency 4. correlation
1. A __________ skewness is a distribution with a high concentration of data points at the high end of the distribution and a long tail toward the low end of the distribution.1. negative 2. positive 3. discrete 4. continuous
4. Make sure that there are no overlaps between any two adjacent intervals. For continuous variables, each interval includes the lower limit but not the upper limit.
3. Create the categories or equal intervals in an ascending order.
2. Construct a frequency table with 7 ± 2 categories. When the range is too large to construct a table with individual values, choose an appropriate and convenient interval, usually in 5s or 10s, if feasible.
1. Identify the minimal and maximal values of the variable. Calculate the range.
2. What is the estimated mean for the student loans based on the frequency table?
1. Create a histogram based on the frequency table and comment on the shape of the distribution.
2. Student loans are at the historical record high. Many college students are incurring large amount of debts while pursuing their degrees. Here is a frequency table of student loans from a random sample of n = 35 students in Table 2.14.
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