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business
business statistics in practice
Business Statistics Plus Pearson Mylab Statistics With Pearson Etext 3rd Edition Norean R Sharpe ,Richard D De Veaux ,Paul Velleman - Solutions
=+f) Any potential sources of bias you can detect and any problems you see in generalizing to the population of interest
=+9. A survey company emailed a questionnaire to the directors of major hotel chains across the country, and received responses from 35% of them. The respondents reported that they did not think the recent economic slowdown had any impact on their level of operations.
=+Question 1: If PTV offered state-of-the-art, high-speed Internet service for $50 per month, would you subscribe to that service?
=+Question 2: Would you find $50 per month—less than the cost of a daily cappuccino—an appropriate price for high-speed Internet service?
=+d) A pilot test can be useful for identifying poorly worded questions on a survey.
=+16. Indicate whether each statement below is true or false.If false, explain why.
=+a) Asking viewers to call into an 800 number is a good way to produce a representative sample.
=+b) When writing a survey, it’s a good idea to include as many questions as possible to ensure efficiency and to lower costs.
=+c) A recent poll on a website was valid because the sample size was over 1,000,000 respondents.d) Malls are not necessarily good places to conduct surveys because people who frequent malls may not be representative of the population at large.
=+17. For your marketing class, you’d like to take a survey from a sample of all the Catholic Church members in your city to assess the market for a DVD about Pope Francis’s first year as pope. A list of churches shows 17 Catholic churches within the city limits. Rather than try to obtain a
=+a) What kind of design have you used?
=+b) What could go wrong with the design that you have proposed?
=+18. PIRSA Fisheries, based in South Australia, plans to study the recreational fishing around Goolwa Beach. To do that, they decide to randomly select five fishing boats at the end of a randomly chosen fishing day and count the numbers and types of all the fish on those boats.
=+c) Measurement error is the same as sampling error.
=+b) Convenience samples are generally representative of the population.
=+a) Do you think these are appropriately worded questions?Why or why not?
=+b) Which one has more neutral wording? Explain.
=+14. Here are more proposed survey questions for the survey in Exercise 13:
=+Question 3: Do you find that the slow speed of DSL Internet access reduces your enjoyment of web services?
=+Question 4: Given the growing importance of high-speed Internet access for your children’s education, would you subscribe to such a service if it were offered?
=+a) Do you think these are appropriately worded questions?Why or why not?
=+b) Suggest a question with better wording.Section 8.5
=+15. Indicate whether each statement below is true or false.If false, explain why.
=+a) A local television news program that asks viewers to call in and give their opinion on an issue typically results in a biased voluntary response sample.
=+a) What kind of design have they used?
=+5. As discussed in the chapter, GfK Roper Consulting conducts a global consumer survey to help multinational companies understand different consumer attitudes throughout the world. In India, the researchers interviewed 1000 people aged 13–65 (www.gfkamerica.com). Their sample is designed so
=+What is the population of interest? What would a census be in this case? Would it be practical?
=+2 We need to survey a random sample of the 300 passengers on a flight from San Francisco to Tokyo. Name each sampling method described.
=+a) Pick every tenth passenger as people board the plane.b) From the boarding list, randomly choose five people flying first class and 25 of the other passengers.
=+c) Randomly generate 30 seat numbers and survey the passengers who sit there.d) Randomly select a seat position (right window, right center, right aisle, etc.) And survey all the passengers sitting in those seats.
=+• What do I want to know?
=+ • Who are the right respondents?
=+ • What are the right questions?
=+ • What will be done with the results?
=+How are the population, sampling frame, target sample, and sample likely to differ?
=+Identify the three methods proposed and explain what strengths and weaknesses they have.
=+What kind of sampling scheme are they using to replace the simple random sample?
=+the questions on the survey, how do we refer to these differences?
=+1 Various claims are often made for surveys. Why is each of the following claims not correct?
=+a) It is always better to take a census than to draw a sample.
=+b) Stopping customers as they are leaving a restaurant is a good way to sample opinions about the quality of the food.
=+c) We drew a sample of 100 from the 3000 students in a school. To get the same level of precision for a town of 30,000 residents, we’ll need a sample of 1000.
=+d) A poll taken at a popular website (www.statsisfun.org)garnered 12,357 responses. The majority of respondents said they enjoy doing Statistics. With a sample size that large, we can be sure that most Americans feel this way.
=+e) The true percentage of all Americans who enjoy Statistics is called a “population statistic.”
=+What is the sampling frame?
=+If the customer database held 30,000 records instead of 7345, how much larger a sample would we need to get the same information?
=+If we then draw a different sample of 200 customers and obtain different answers to
=+• Identify the ethical dilemma in this scenario.
=+• What are the undesirable consequences?
=+3. An environmental advocacy group is interested in the perceptions of farmers about global climate change. Specifically, they wish to determine the percentage of organic farmers who are concerned that climate change will affect their crop yields. They use an alphabetized list of members of the
=+a) What is the population?
=+b) What is the sampling frame?
=+c) What is the population parameter of interest?
=+d) What sampling method is used?
=+4. A movie theatre company is interested in the opinions of their frequent customers about the recently installed online ticketing system. Specifically they want to know what proportion of them plan to use the new ticketing system. They took a random sample of 15,000 customers from their data
=+a) What is the population?
=+b) What is the sampling frame?
=+c) What is the population parameter of interest?
=+d) A random sample of 100 students from a school with 2000 students has the same precision as a random sample of 100 from a school with 20,000 students.Section 8.2
=+c) A census is the only true representative sample.
=+• Propose an ethical solution that considers the welfare of all stakeholders.
=+1. Indicate whether each statement below is true or false.If false, explain why.
=+a) We can eliminate sampling error by selecting an unbiased sample.
=+b) Randomization helps to ensure that our sample is representative.
=+c) Sampling error refers to sample-to-sample differences and is also known as sampling variability.
=+d) It is better to try to match the characteristics of the sample to the population rather than relying on randomization.
=+2. Indicate whether each statement below is true or false.If false, explain why.
=+a) To get a representative sample, you must sample a large fraction of the population.
=+b) Using modern methods, it is best to select a representative subset of a population systematically.
=+d) What is the sampling method used?Section 8.3
=+b) What could go wrong with the design that they have proposed?Chapter Exercises
=+39. (Possibly) Biased questions. Examine each of the following questions for possible bias. If you think the question is biased, indicate how and propose a better question.
=+42. Cell phone survey. What about drawing a random sample only from cell phone exchanges? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of such a sampling method compared with surveying randomly generated telephone numbers from non–cell phone exchanges. Do you think these
=+How do you expect they’ll change in the future?
=+43. Change. How much change do you have on you right now? Go ahead, count it.
=+a) How much change do you have?
=+b) Suppose you check on your change every day for a week as you head for lunch and average the results. What parameter would this average estimate?
=+c) Suppose you ask 10 friends to average their change every day for a week, and you average those 10 measurements.
=+What is the population now? What parameter would this average estimate?
=+d) Do you think these 10 average change amounts are likely to be representative of the population of change amounts in your class? In your college? In the country? Why or why not?
=+44. Fuel economy. Occasionally, when I fill my car with gas, I figure out how many miles per gallon my car got.I wrote down those results after six fill-ups in the past few months. Overall, it appears my car gets 28.8 miles per gallon.
=+e) Random-digit dialing machines can generate the phone calls for us. How would this improve our design? Is anyone still excluded?
=+d) Suppose, instead, that we continue calling each number, perhaps in the morning or evening, until an adult is contacted and interviewed. How does this improve the sampling design?
=+a) Should companies that pollute the environment be compelled to pay the costs of cleanup?
=+b) Should a company enforce a strict dress code?
=+40. More possibly biased questions. Examine each of the following questions for possible bias. If you think the question is biased, indicate how and propose a better question.
=+a) Do you think that price or quality is more important in selecting a tablet computer?
=+b) Given humanity’s great tradition of exploration, do you favor continued funding for space flights?
=+41. Phone surveys. Anytime we conduct a survey, we must take care to avoid undercoverage. Suppose we plan to select 500 names from the city phone book, call their homes between noon and 4 p.m., and interview whoever answers, anticipating contacts with at least 200 people.
=+a) Why is it difficult to use a simple random sample here?
=+b) Describe a more convenient, but still random, sampling strategy.
=+c) What kinds of households are likely to be included in the eventual sample of opinion? Who will be excluded?
=+a) What statistic have I calculated?
=+b) What is the parameter I’m trying to estimate?
=+47. Quality control. Sammy’s Salsa, a small local company, produces 20 cases of salsa a day. Each case contains 12 jars and is imprinted with a code indicating the date and batch number. To help maintain consistency, at the end of each day, Sammy selects three bottles of salsa, weighs the
=+a) Carefully explain your sampling strategy.
=+b) Show how to use random numbers to pick the three jars for testing.
=+c) Did you use a simple random sample? Explain.
=+48. Fish quality. Concerned about reports of discolored scales on fish caught downstream from a newly sited chemical plant, scientists set up a field station in a shoreline public park. For one week they asked fishermen there to bring any fish they caught to the field station for a brief
=+49. Sampling methods. Consider each of these situations.Do you think the proposed sampling method is appropriate? Explain.a) We want to know what percentage of local doctors accept Medicaid patients. We call the offices of 50 doctors randomly selected from local Yellow Pages listings.
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