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business
business statistics in practice
Business Statistics Plus Pearson Mylab Statistics With Pearson Etext 3rd Edition Norean R Sharpe ,Richard D De Veaux ,Paul Velleman - Solutions
=+d) What is the probability the store had a failure problem with at least one of the five that they sold on a particular day?
=+1. What’s the probability that a Japanese M&M’s survey respondent selected at random preferred either pink or teal?
=+2. If we pick two respondents at random, what’s the probability that they both selected purple?
=+3. If we pick three respondents at random, what’s the probability that at least one preferred purple?
=+What’s the probability that a Japanese M&M’s survey respondent selected at random preferred either pink or teal?
=+If we pick two respondents at random, what’s the probability that they both said purple?
=+If we pick three respondents at random, what’s the probability that at least one preferred purple?
=+What’s the probability that one of Lee’s customers is a woman? What is the probability that a random customer is a man who purchases fashion lighting?
=+Using the table from the example on page 187, if a customer purchases a Fashion light, what is the probability that the customer is a woman?
=+3 Suppose a supermarket is conducting a survey to find out the busiest time and day for shoppers. Survey respondents are asked 1) whether they shopped at the store on a weekday or on the weekend and 2) whether they shopped at the store before or after 5 p.m. The survey revealed that:
=+• 48% of shoppers visited the store before 5 p.m.
=+27% of shoppers visited the store on a weekday(Mon.–Fri.)
=+• 7% of shoppers visited the store before 5 p.m. on a weekday.
=+a) Make a contingency table for the variables time of day and day of week.
=+b) What is the probability that a randomly selected shopper
=+who shops on a weekday also shops before 5 p.m.?
=+c) Are time and day of the week disjoint events?
=+d) Are time and day of the week independent events?
=+• Identify the ethical dilemma in this scenario.
=+• What are the undesirable consequences?
=+• Propose an ethical solution that considers the welfare of all stakeholders
=+1. Indicate which of the following represent independent events. Explain briefly.
=+a) The employment status of customers waiting in line at the post office.
=+b) The first four digits of phone number of students attending a seminar.
=+c) The outcomes when rolling a fair die twice.
=+2. Indicate which of the following represent independent events. Explain briefly.
=+a) Prices of houses on the same block.
=+b) Successive measurements of your heart rate as you exercise on a treadmill.
=+c) Measurements of the heart rates of all students in the gym.Section 5.2
=+3. In many state lotteries, you can choose which numbers to play. Consider a common form in which you choose 5 numbers. Which of the following strategies can improve your chance of winning? If the method works, explain why.If not, explain why using appropriate statistics terms.a) Always play 1,
=+b) Choose the numbers that did come up in the most recent lottery drawing because they are “hot.”
=+4. For the same kind of lottery as in Exercise 3, which of the following strategies can improve your chance of winning? If the method works, explain why. If not, explain why using appropriate statistics terms.
=+a) Choose randomly from among the numbers that have not come up in the last 3 lottery drawings because they are “due.”
=+b) Generate random numbers using a computer or calculator and play those.Section 5.4
=+5. A recent survey found that, despite airline requests, about 40% of passengers don’t fully turn off their cell phones during takeoff and landing (although they may put them in “airplane mode”). The two passengers across the aisle (in seats A and B) clearly do not know each other.
=+a) What is the probability that the passenger in seat A does not turn off his phone?
=+b) What is the probability that he does turn off his phone?
=+c) What is the probability that both of them turn off their phones?
=+d) What is the probability that at least one of them turns off his or her phone?
=+6. Assume that 15% of the people in your expedition trip own a mobile phone, and you are randomly assigned to two partners in your group. Find the probability that:
=+a) The first partner will have a mobile phone.b) The first partner will not have a mobile phone.
=+c) That both partners will have mobile phones.d) That at most one will have a mobile phone.Section 5.5
=+7. The following contingency table shows opinion about global warming among U.S. adults, broken down by political party affiliation (based on a poll in October 2012 by Pew Research found at http://www.people-press.org/2012/10/15/more-say-there-is-solid-evidence-of-global-warming/).
=+a) What is the probability that a U.S. adult selected at random believes that global warming is a serious issue?
=+b) What type of probability did you find in part a?
=+c) What is the probability that a U.S. adult selected at random is a Republican and believes that global warming is a serious issue?
=+d) What type of probability did you find in part c?
=+8. Multigenerational families can be categorized as having two adult generations such as parents living with adult children, “skip” generation families, such as grandparents living with grandchildren, and three or more generations living in the household. Pew Research surveyed
=+2 Adult Gens 2 Skip Gens 3 or More Gens White 509 55 222 786 Hispanic 139 11 142 292 Black 119 32 99 250 Asian 61 1 48 110 828 99 511 1438
=+a) What is the probability that a multigenerational family is Hispanic?
=+b) What is the probability that a multigenerational family selected at random is a Black, two-adult-generation family?
=+c) What type of probability did you find in parts a and b?Section 5.6
=+9. Using the table from Exercise 7,a) What is the probability that a randomly selected U.S.adult who is a Republican believes that global warming is a serious issue?
=+b) What is the probability that a randomly selected U.S.adult is a Republican given that he or she believes global warming is a serious issue?
=+c) What is P(Serious Concern Democratic)?
=+10. Using the table from Exercise 8,
=+a) What is the probability that a randomly selected Black multigenerational family is a 2 Adult Generation family?
=+b) What is the probability that a randomly selected multigenerational family is White, given that it is a “skip” generation family?
=+c) What is P13 or more GenerationsAsian2?Section 5.7
=+11. A locally generated report indicated that 40% of adults conducted their purchases online. The report also found that 30% are under the age of 40, and that 20% are under the age of 40 and conduct their purchases online.
=+a) What percent of adults do not use the internet for making purchases?
=+b) What type of probability is the 20% mentioned above?
=+c) Construct a contingency table showing all related joint and marginal probabilities.
=+d) Find the probability that a randomly selected individual conducts purchase using the internet given that the individual is under the age of 40.
=+e) Are Conducting purchases online and Age independent events?
=+12. Facebook reports that 70% of their users are from outside the United States and that 50% of their users log on to Facebook every day. Suppose that 20% of their users are United States users who log on every day.
=+a) What percentage of Facebook’s users are from the United States?
=+b) What type of probability is the 20% mentioned above?
=+c) Construct a contingency table showing all the joint and marginal probabilities.
=+d) What is the probability that a user is from the United States given that he or she logs on every day?
=+e) Are From United States and Log on Every Day independent? Explain.Section 5.8
=+13. Summit Projects provides marketing services and website management for many companies that specialize in outdoor products and services (www.summitprojects.com). To understand customer Web behavior, the company experiments with different offers and website design. The results of such
=+customers purchase products during a visit to a website. Possible actions by the website include offering the customer an instant discount, offering the customer free shipping, or doing nothing. A recent experiment found that customers make purchases 6% of the time when offered the instant
=+a) Construct a probability tree for this experiment.
=+b) What percent of customers who visit the site made a purchase?
=+c) Given that a customer made a purchase, what is the probability that they were offered free shipping?
=+14. The company in Exercise 13 performed another experiment in which they tested three website designs to see which one would lead to the highest probability of purchase. The first (design A) used enhanced product information, the second (design B) used extensive iconography, and the third
=+their own product ratings. After 6 weeks of testing, the designs delivered probabilities of purchase of 4.5%, 5.2%, and 3.8%, respectively. Equal numbers of customers were sent randomly to each website design.
=+a) Construct a probability tree for this experiment.
=+b) What percent of customers who visited the site made a purchase?
=+c) What is the probability that a randomly selected customer was sent to design C?
=+d) Given that a customer made a purchase, what is the probability that the customer had been sent to design C?Section 5.9
=+15. According to U.S. Census data, 68% of the civilian U.S. labor force self-identifies as White, 11% as Black, and the remaining 21% as Hispanic/Latino or Other.Among Whites in the labor force, 54% are Male, and 46%Female. Among Blacks, 52% are Male and 48% Female, and among
=+a) Polling companies need to sample an appropriate number of respondents of each gender from each ethnic group.For a randomly selected U.S. worker, fill in the probabilities in this tree:White Male Female Male Female Black Male Female Hispanic/Latino/Other
=+b) What is the probability that a randomly selected worker is a Black Female?
=+c) For a randomly selected worker, what is P1FemaleWhite2?
=+d) For a randomly selected worked what is P1White Female2?
=+16. U.S. Customs and Border Protection has been testing automated kiosks that may be able to detect lies.(www.wired.com/threatlevel/2013/01/ff-lie-detector/all/) One measurement used (among several) is involuntary eye movements. Using this method alone, tests show that it can detect 60% of lies,
=+a) Here is the outline of a probability tree for this situation.Fill in the probabilities:Kiosk says Lie Kiosk says True Kiosk says Lie Kiosk says True Truth Lie
=+b) What is the probability that a random person will be telling the truth and will be cleared by the Kiosk?
=+c) What is the probability that a person who is rejected by
=+the kiosk was actually telling the truth?Chapter Exercises
=+17. What does it mean? part 1. Respond to the following questions:
=+b) A reporter on Market Place says that there is a 50%chance that the NASDAQ will hit a new high in the next month. What is the meaning of such a phrase?
=+18. What does it mean? part 2. Respond to the following questions:
=+b) A batter who had failed to get a hit in seven consecutive times at bat then hits a game-winning home run. When talking to reporters afterward, he says he was very confident that last time at bat because he knew he was “due for a hit.” Comment on his reasoning.
=+19. Airline safety. Even though commercial airlines have excellent safety records, in the weeks following a crash, airlines often report a drop in the number of passengers, probably because people are afraid to risk flying.
=+a) A travel agent suggests that since the law of averages makes it highly unlikely to have two plane crashes within a few weeks of each other, flying soon after a crash is the safest time. What do you think?
=+b) If the airline industry proudly announces that it has set a new record for the longest period of safe flights, would you be reluctant to fly? Are the airlines due to have a crash?
=+20. Economic predictions. An investment newsletter makes general predictions about the economy to help their clients make sound investment decisions.
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