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Criminal Justice In Action 10th Edition Larry K. Gaines, Roger LeRoy Miller - Solutions
Describe some common criticisms of plea bargaining as an integral part of the American criminal justice system.
Indicate why prosecutors, defense attorneys, and defendants often agree to plea bargains.
Explain how a prosecutor screens potential cases.
Identify the main difference between an indictment and an information.
Indicate the three main influences on a judge’s decision to set bail.
Identify the steps involved in the pretrial criminal process.
Explain why defense attorneys must often defend clients they know to be guilty.
Delineate the responsibilities of defense attorneys.
Contrast the prosecutor’s roles as an elected official and as a crime fighter.
In 2010, authorities in Thailand extradited Russian citizen and alleged international arms dealer Viktor Bout to the United States. The evidence against Bout included an audio recording of a conversation he had with American agents posing as Colombian rebels. During this conversation, Bout agreed
Each state has legislation that makes cruelty to animals a crime.Nonetheless, in 2015, several members of Congress introduced the Preventing Animal Cruelty and Torture (PACT) Act. The PACT Act would give the federal government the ability to investigate and prosecute certain acts of animal
Although many tribes have passed legislation that mirrors the Bill of Rights, the U.S. Constitution does not apply on sovereign tribal lands. Consequently, defendants in criminal trials on these lands do not—technically—have the full range of protections offered in federal and state criminal
The United States has unquestioned jurisdiction over nonU.S. citizens who are living in or visiting the country and have been charged with committing a crime. Does this fact help or hurt the argument that tribal courts should have jurisdiction over criminal activity involving nonNative Americans on
How would society benefit from a law that prohibits knowingly or recklessly encouraging a person to commit suicide? What might be some unintended consequences of such a law?
Two years before his death, Carter Roy spent time in a mental institution. After his release, he tried to kill himself by overdosing on the pain reliever acetaminophen. Does this information help or hurt Carter’s defense? Should it matter if she knew about Roy’s suicide attempt? Explain your
“It’s a sad story, a tragedy, but it’s not manslaughter,”said Michelle Carter’s defense attorney of the situation described above. Do you agree? Why or why not?
List the three basic features of an adversary system of justice
List and describe the members of the courtroom work group.
Describe one alternative, practiced in other countries, to the American method of choosing judges.
Explain the difference between the selection of judges at the state level and at the federal level.
Explain briefly how a case is brought to the United States Supreme Court.
Outline the federal court system.
Outline the levels of a typical state court system.
Explain the difference between trial and appellate courts.
Define jurisdiction and contrast geographic and subject-matter jurisdiction.
Define and contrast the four functions of the courts.
Responding to a call about a burglary at a vacant building, a police officer finds a homeless man named Ben sitting outside the alleged crime building. The officer asks Ben why a board covering a window of the building has been removed. Frist Ben says he doesn’t know, but eventually admits that
A suspect discards his halfsmoked cigarette on the sidewalk.The cigarette is picked up by a police officer, and the saliva on it allows law enforcement to obtain a sample of the suspect’s DNA.Without a search warrant, should this evidence be allowed in court?Why or why not?
The Washington State Court of Appeals recently likened text messages to voice mail messages that can be overheard by anybody in a room. Using this logic, the court upheld a conviction based on text messages seized by police. Do you agree that people do not have a reasonable expectation of privacy
When asked by Struble why he was driving so late at night, Rodriguez said that he was returning from Omaha, where he had been looking at a Ford Mustang for sale. Rodriguez also said he had veered to avoid a pothole. In addition, Struble noticed a strong smell of air freshener in the car and thought
What steps could Officer Struble have taken that would have allowed Floyd to sniff-search Rodriguez’s car without prolonging the traffic stop by eight minutes?
Do you agree with the Supreme Court’s reasoning in this case? Why or why not?
List the three basic types of police identification.
Indicate situations in which a Miranda warning is unnecessary.
Explain why the U.S. Supreme Court established the Miranda warning.
List the four elements that must be present for an arrest to take place.
Distinguish between a stop and a frisk, and indicate the importance of the case Terry v. Ohio.
Describe the plain view doctrine and indicate one of its limitations.
Explain when searches can be made without a warrant.
Explain the exclusionary rule and the exceptions to it.
Outline the four major sources that may provide probable cause.
Suppose a police officer is walking up an unlighted stairway.Nervous, he points his gun into the darkness and puts his finger on the trigger, which goes against the training he received as a cadet.The officer accidentally fires his gun, and the bullet, after ricocheting off a wall, kills a man
In May 2016, Louisiana became the first state to pass legislation that adds police officers to the groups protected by hate crime laws. (See Chapter 4 for a review of hate crime statutes.) What is your opinion of laws that increase the penalties for crimes committed against law enforcement agents?
In an effort to increase transparency, the Seattle Police Department created its own YouTube channel featuring“redacted,” or edited, body camera videos. Visit SPD BodyWornVideo on YouTube and look at several of these videos. How do you think this effort will help police-community relations in
In North Carolina, a court order is required before police recordings are released to the public. In making this decision, judges consider whether “release is necessary to advance a compelling public interest,” as well as whether release “would create a serious threat to the fair, impartial,
Judging from this case, what are some of the pros and cons of having police officers use body-worn cameras to record encounters with suspects?
During the trial, prosecutors showed that Boyd, who did not have a firearm, was too far away from the K-9 officer to pose a threat with his knives. Does this fact change your answer to the previous question? Why or why not?
Generally speaking, a police officer is justified in using deadly force if that officer reasonably believes that such force is necessary to save someone from serious harm.Using this standard, do you think the Albuquerque police officers’ shooting of James Boyd was justified?Explain your answer.
Explain what an ethical dilemma is and name four categories of ethical dilemmas that a police officer typically may face.
Determine when police officers are justified in using deadly force.
Clarify the concepts of nondeadly force, deadly force, and reasonable force in the context of police use of force.
Describe the process of socialization in police subculture.
Explain community policing and its contribution to the concept of problem-oriented policing.
Explain why differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls.
Describe how forensic experts use DNA fingerprinting to solve crimes.
List the three primary purposes of police patrol.
Explain why police officers are allowed discretionary powers.
Which of the four basic responsibilities of the police do you think is most important? Why?
A number of sanctuary cities will participate in S-COMM only if the suspect in custody has been convicted of a serious or violent crime.What is your opinion of this compromise?
What would be some of the benefits of giving local police officers the authority to enforce immigration law? What would be some of the drawbacks? Would you favor this policy? Why or why not?
Describe the law enforcement presence on the campus of your school. Do you feel this presence is sufficient?Explain your answer.
It is standard procedure for a police officer involved in a fatal shooting to be placed on temporary leave while the incident is investigated. What is your opinion of this policy?
What factors went into Officer Alan Horujko’s decision to use deadly force in the situation described above?Was his decision correct? Why or why not?
Analyze the importance of private security today.
Summarize the duties of the FBI.
Indicate some of the most important law enforcement agencies under the control of the Department of Homeland Security.
Identify the main advantage of a racially and ethnically diverse police force.
Describe some of the benefits that female police officers bring to law enforcement.
Identify the differences between the police academy and field training as learning tools for recruits.
Explain how intelligence-led policing works and how it benefits modern police departments.
Tell how the patronage system affected policing.
List the four basic responsibilities of the police.
On a dating app, a fourteen-yearold misrepresents herself as being seventeen years old. Based on this information, a nineteen-year-old meets and has sex with her. Is it fair that the nineteen-year-old is found guilty of statutory rape?Why or why not?
Nine-year-old Savannah lies to her grandmother Jessica about eating candy bars. As punishment, Jessica forces Savannah to run for three hours without a rest.Severely dehydrated, the girl has a seizure and dies. What should be the criminal charge against Jessica, and why?
While behind the wheel, Emil suffers an epileptic seizure and passes out. The car careens onto the sidewalk and strikes a group of schoolgirls, badly injuring four of them.Emil knew that he was subject to epileptic attacks that rendered him likely to lose consciousness.What are the arguments for
Suppose that, during an argument on a boating dock, Mike tackles Tim, forcing both men into the water.Mike, the larger and stronger of the two, pushes Tim’s head under water and nearly drowns him before the fight ends. As Mike is climbing out of the water, Tim fatally shoots him the back of the
What is your opinion of SYG laws? Do you think they make society safer or more dangerous? Explain your answer.
Drug overdose deaths often are not the result of taking a single drug once, but rather of taking many drugs over a long period of time. How might a defense attorney use this fact to defend a client against charges of selling the drugs that caused a fatal overdose?
A person can be convicted of vehicular manslaughter if he or she kills someone while driving drunk. How is“death by dealer” similar to vehicular manslaughter?How are the two legal concepts different?
Who deserves the most blame in the aftermath of a fatal overdose: the person who sold the drugs or the person who chose to abuse the drugs? Taking this question into consideration, is it fair that criminal law holds Christopher Massena responsible for Christian Hernandez’s death? Why or why not?
Explain the importance of the due process clause in the criminal justice system.
Distinguish between substantive and procedural criminal law.
Describe the four most important justification criminal defenses.
Discuss a common misperception concerning the insanity defense in the United States.
List and briefly define the most important excuse defenses for crimes.
Explain how the doctrine of strict liability applies to criminal law.
Delineate the elements required to establish mens rea(a guilty mental state).
Explain the two basic functions of criminal law.
Explain precedent and the importance of the doctrine of stare decisis.
List the four written sources of American criminal law.
Research shows that female college students who have been the victim of rape or attempted rape are at an unusually high risk of repeat victimization if they engage in binge alcohol drinking. What victim services should colleges provide to reduce the chances that this group of victims will be
Earlier in the chapter, we saw that some criminologists predicted that the violent crime increase of 2015 would turn out to be a “blip”rather than the beginning of a trend. Go online and research our national violent crime rates. Were those predictions correct, or did violent crime rates
Assume that you are a criminologist who wants to determine the extent to which high school students engage in risky behavior such as abusing alcohol and illegal drugs, carrying weapons, and contemplating suicide. How would you go about gathering these data?
For nearly eight decades until 2013, the federal government defined rape as sex with “a female forcibly and against her will.”Compare this definition with the new definition in Figure 3.1. Which do you think is more representative of the crime, and why? What are the consequences of
Give an example of how one person could be involved in a civil lawsuit and a criminal lawsuit for the same action.
Homeless advocates argue that if a person has nowhere to sleep but on public property, then cities should not able to pass laws that essentially criminalize that person’s homelessness. Do you agree that there should be a “right” to sleep in public? Why or why not?
Do you consider criminal acts such as panhandling, camping or sleeping in public, and sitting or lying down on a sidewalk during business hours to be crimes mala in se or crimes mala prohibita? Is the distinction useful in resolving this controversy over criminalizing homelessness? Explain your
Several universities recently considered banning female students from fraternity houses to lessen the risk that these women would be sexually assaulted. What is your opinion of this policy?
Explain the reasoning behind “nonresponse bias.”Do you think it is a valid criticism of the AAU survey, as described above? Why or why not?
About a decade ago, the federal government surveyed 4,000 college women about their experience with rape(coerced or unwanted sex) and found that one in four had survived a rape or attempted rape at some point during the previous year. Compared with the AAU survey just discussed, which study is more
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