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intro stats
Stats Data And Models 5th Global Edition Richard De Veaux, Paul Velleman, David Bock - Solutions
Household size The following table displays the distribution of households in the European Union by size for the years 2013–2018. (Percentages may not add to 100% due to rounding.)(Data from
Movie genres and ratings The following table summarizes 1529 films from 2014 and 2015 that have been classified into a genre and have a MPAA rating. (Data from Movies 06-15)a) What percent of these films were rated R?b) What percent of these films were R-rated comedies?c) What percent of R-rated
Life satisfaction As part of a survey on well-being of people in the European Union, Eurostat gathered the following data (in percentages) on life satisfaction by age group. (Data from
Regulation amendments revisited Here is a stacked bar chart of the sample data from Exercise 1 on whether University students agree with a set of regulation amendments from a survey of male and female students:a) From the bar chart, is it easy to see whether more male students said that they
Diet and politics revisited Here are the same data as in Exercise 5 but displayed differently:a) Describe what this plot shows using the concept of a conditional distribution.b) Do you think the differences here are real? Explain.7. Fish and prostate cancer revisited Here is a mosaic plot of the
Diet and politics The survey of 299 undergraduate studentsfrom Exercise 86 in Chapter 2 (data in Student survey) asked about respondents’ diet preference (Carnivore, Omnivore, Vegetarian) and political alignment (Liberal, Moderate, Conservative).Here is a stacked bar chart of the 285 responses:a)
Cyber comparison shopping againa) Find the conditional distribution (in percents) of income distribution for those who do not cyber compare prices.b) Find the conditional distribution (in percents) of incomes for shoppers who do cyber compare prices.
Regulation amendments again Consider the sample data in Exercise 1.a) What is the conditional distribution (in percentages) of the opinions of female students on the regulation amendments?b) Find the conditional distribution of the opinions of male students when the categories are combined into
Cyber comparison shopping It has become common for shoppers to comparison shop using the Internet. Respondents to a Pew survey in 2013 who owned cell phones were asked whether they had, in the past 30 days, looked up the price of a product while they were in a store to see if they could get a
Regulation amendments The administration of a particular University asked 4,000 of its students to express their opinion as to whether they agree or disagree with a set of amendments to the regulations. Students had to choose from “Strongly Agree,” “Agree,” “Not Sure,” “Disagree,”
Student survey The dataset Student survey contains 299 responses to a student survey from a statistics project. The questions asked included:◆◆ How would you rate yourself politically? (1 = Far left, 9 = Far right)◆◆ What is your gender?◆◆ Do you believe in God?◆◆ Pick a random
Population growth 2010 The following data show the percentage change in population for the 50 states and the District of Columbia from the 2000 census to the 2010 census. Using appropriate graphical displays and summary statistics, write a report on the percentage change in population by
Boomtowns 2015 In 2015, the website NewGeography.com listed its ranking of the best cities for job growth in the United States. The magazine’s top 20 large cities, along with their weighted job rating indices, are given in the table. The full dataset contains 70 cities.
Math scores 2013 The National Center for Education Statistics reports average mathematics achievement scores for eighth graders in all 50 states (nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/):State Score Alabama 269 Alaska 282 Arizona 280 Arkansas 278 California 276 Colorado 290 Connecticut 285 Delaware 282
ZIP codes revisited Here are some summary statistics to go with the histogram of the ZIP codes of 500 customers from the Holes-R-Us Internet Jewelry Salon that we saw in Exercise 81:What can these statistics tell you about the company’s sales? Count 500 Mean 64,970.0 StdDev 23,523.0 Median 64,871
ZIP codes Holes-R-Us, an Internet company that sells piercing jewelry, keeps transaction records on its sales. At a recent sales meeting, one of the staff presented a histogram of the ZIP codes of the last 500 customers, so that the staff might understand where sales are coming from. Comment on the
Final grades revisited After receiving many complaints about his final-grade histogram from students currently taking a statistics course, the professor from Exercise 79 distributed the following revised histogram:a) Comment on this display.b) Describe the distribution of grades. FILL, nIL , LLL,
Final grades A professor (of something other than statistics!)distributed the following histogram to show the distribution of grades on his 200-point final exam. Comment on the display. # of Students S& T 50 100 150 200 Final Grade
Unemployment The following table displays the unemployment rates as of July 2019 for 30 European countries (Source:https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Unemployment_statistics). Create an appropriate graph of the below data, and describe the distribution. Country Percentage
Acid rain Two researchers measured the pH (a scale on which a value of 7 is neutral and values below 7 are acidic) of water collected from rain and snow over a 6-month period in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania:4.57 5.62 4.12 5.29 4.64 4.31 4.30 4.39 4.45 5.67 4.39 4.52 4.26 4.26 4.40 5.78 4.73 4.56
Return of the birds 2013 Students were given the assignment to make a histogram of the data on bird counts reported in Exercise 48. One student submitted the following display:a) Comment on this graph.b) Create your own histogram of the data. 150 50 # of Species 100 100 200 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A-Rod again 2016 Students were asked to make a histogram of the number of home runs Alex Rodriguez hit from 1994 to 2016(see Exercise 73). One student submitted the following display:a) Comment on this graph.b) Create your own histogram of the data. Home Puns 60 40 40 20 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010
Aircraft accidents The following data give the numbers of aircraft accidents (rounded to the nearest 10) per year from 1970 to 2017 according to ACRO and Bureau of Aircraft Accident Archives(Source:
A-Rod 2016 Alex Rodriguez (known to fans as A-Rod) was the youngest player ever to hit 500 home runs. Here is a stem-andleaf display of the number of home runs hit by A-Rod during the 1994–2016 seasons. Describe the distribution, mentioning its shape and any unusual features. (Data are given in
Wayne Gretzky In Exercise 70, you examined the number of games played by hockey great Wayne Gretzky during his 20-year career in the NHL.a) Would you use the median or the mean to describe the center of this distribution? Why?b) Find the median.c) Without actually finding the mean, would you expect
States The stem-and-leaf display shows populations of the 50 states, in millions of people, according to the 2010 census.a) From the stem-and-leaf display, find the median and the interquartile range.b) Write a few sentences describing this distribution. 0 1111111111122223333334444 0
The great one During his 20 seasons in the NHL, Wayne Gretzky scored 50% more points than anyone who ever played professional hockey. He accomplished this amazing feat while playing in 280 fewer games than Gordie Howe, the previous record holder. Here are the number of games Gretzky played during
Gasoline 2014 In January 2014, 16 gas stations in eastern Wisconsin posted these prices for a gallon of regular gasoline:3.23 3.26 3.23 3.39 3.45 3.43 3.42 3.45 3.46 3.11 3.15 3.22 3.21 3.26 3.27 3.28a) Make a stem-and-leaf display of these gas prices. Use split stems; for example, use two 3.2
Cold weather A meteorologist preparing a talk about global warming compiled a list of weekly low temperatures (in degrees Fahrenheit) he observed at his southern Florida home last year.The coldest temperature for any week was 36°F, but he inadvertently recorded the Celsius value of 2°. Assuming
Movie earnings 2015 The histogram shows total gross earnings(in millions of dollars) of the top 200 major release movies in 2015. (Data extracted from Movies_06-15)An industry publication reports that the typical movie makes $23.2 million, but a watchdog group concerned with rising ticket prices
Golf drives II 2015 Exercise 64 looked at distances PGA golfers can hit the ball. The standard deviation of these average drive distances is 11.2 yards, and the quartiles are Q1 =282.05 yards and Q3 = 294.5 yards.a) Write a sentence or two describing the spread in distances based on i. the
Movie lengths II 2010 Exercise 63 looked at the running times of movies released in 2010. The standard deviation of these running times is 16.6 minutes, and the quartiles are Q1 = 98 minutes and Q3 = 116 minutes.a) Write a sentence or two describing the spread in running times based on i. the
Golf drives 2015 The display shows the average drive distance(in yards) for 199 professional golfers during a week on the men’s PGA tour in 2015.a) Describe this distribution.b) Approximately what proportion of professional male golfers drive, on average, 280 yards or less?c) Estimate the mean by
Movie lengths 2010 The histogram shows the running times in minutes of the 150 top-grossing feature films released in 2010.a) You plan to see a movie this weekend. Based on these movies, how long do you expect a typical movie to run?b) Would you be surprised to find that your movie ran for 2 12
Neck sizes again Look again at the histogram of men’s neck sizes in Exercise 60.a) Is the mean closer to 14, 15, or 16 inches? Why?b) Is the standard deviation closer to 1 inch, 3 inches, or 5 inches? Explain.
Insurance premiums II Using the histogram of the automobile insurance premiums in Exercise 59, answer the following questions:a) What is an approximate value of the mean?b) What is an approximate value of the standard deviation?Explain.
Neck size The histogram shows the neck sizes (in inches) of the 250 men recruited for the health study in Utah from Exercise 9. (Data in Bodyfat. The neck sizes in Bodyfat are in cm. Divide by 2.54 for inches.)Which summary statistics would you choose to summarize the center and spread in these
Insurance premiums The histogram below shows the distribution of the sizes of 150 automobile insurance premiums (in Euros).Which summary statistics would you choose to describe the center and spread of the data? Why? Frequency 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 20 T T 0.0 0 200 400 600 800 Premium
Kidnappings II Using the data from Exercise 56, describe the distribution of the number of kidnappings due to terrorism worldwide during this time period.
Casualties II Using the data from Exercise 55, describe the distribution of the number of casualties due to terrorism worldwide during this time period.
Kidnappings The following are the annual numbers of worldwide kidnappings due to terrorism from 2007 to 2017:4980, 4680, 10749, 6051, 5554, 1283, 3137, 9461, 12264, 15664, 8937. Find these statistics:a) meanb) median and quartilesc) range and IQR(Source:
Casualities The following are the annual numbers of casualties due to terrorism worldwide between 2006 and 2017:20487, 22719, 15708, 15310, 13186, 12533, 11098, 18066, 32763, 29424, 25722, 18753. Find these statistics:a) meanb) median and quartilesc) range and IQR(Source:
Sick days During contract negotiations, a company seeks to change the number of sick days employees may take, saying that the annual “average” is 7 days of absence per employee.The union negotiators counter that the “average” employee misses only 3 days of work each year.a) Explain how both
Mistake A clerk entering salary data into a company spreadsheet accidentally put an extra “0” in the boss’s salary, listing it as $2,000,000 instead of $200,000. Explain how this error will affect these summary statistics for the company payroll:a) measures of center: median and meanb)
Test scores, small class Test scores from a calculus section of 40 students are shown in the histogram below.Describe the distribution of scores. Why might you be less sure of the description of the shape as compared to the histogram in Exercise 51? # of Students 6 40 40 50 60 70 80 80 90 100
Test scores, large class Test scores from a large calculus class of 400 are shown in the histogram below.a) Describe the distribution of scores. What might account for this shape?b) Why might both the mean and median score be misleading as a summary of the center? # of Students 100 80 gg 60 40 20
Super Bowl edge 2016 In the Super Bowl, by how many points does the winning team outscore the losers? Here are the winning margins for the first 50 Super Bowl games. (Data in Super Bowl 2016)25, 19, 9, 16, 3, 21, 7, 17, 10, 4, 18, 17, 4, 12, 17, 5, 10, 29, 22, 36, 19, 32, 4, 45, 1, 13, 35, 17, 23,
Super Bowl points 2016 How many points do football teams score in the Super Bowl? Here are the total numbers of points scored by both teams in each of the first 50 Super Bowl games.(Data in Super Bowl 2016)45, 47, 23, 30, 29, 27, 21, 31, 22, 38, 46, 37, 66, 50, 37, 47, 44, 47, 54, 56, 59, 52, 36,
Bird species 2013 The Cornell Lab of Ornithology holds an annual Christmas Bird Count (www.birdsource.org), in which bird watchers at various locations around the country see how many different species of birds they can spot. Here are the number of species counted from the 20 sites with the most
Purchasers The histogram below shows the frequencies pertaining to the ages of a sample of 100 female purchasers of a particular household good.a) From the histogram, would you expect the mean or median to be higher? Explain.b) Describe the distribution of the ages of the female purchasers.c) Which
Run times One of the authors collected the times (in minutes)it took him to run 4 miles on various courses during a 10-year period. Here is a histogram of the times:Describe the distribution and summarize the important features.What is it about running that might account for the shape you see? 50
Cereals The histogram shows the carbohydrate content of 77 breakfast cereals (in grams).a) Describe this distribution.b) If you can, open the dataset and identify the cereals with the highest carbohydrate content. 10 8 Cereals 4 2 9 5 10 15 Carbs (g) 20
Modalities A survey of athletic trainers asked what modalities(treatment methods such as ice, whirlpool, ultrasound, or exercise)they commonly use to treat injuries. Respondents were each asked to list three modalities. The article included the following figure reporting the modalities used:a) What
Global warming The Yale Program on Climate Change Communication surveyed 1263 American adults in March 2015 and asked them about their attitudes on global climate change.Here’s a display of the percentages of respondents choosing each of the major alternatives offered. List the errors in this
Summer Olympics 2016 Fifty-nine countries won gold medals in the 2016 Summer Olympics. The table lists them, along with the total number of gold medals each won.a) Try to make a display of these data. What problems do you encounter?b) Organize the data so that the graph is more successful. Country
Movie genres once more The movie genres listed in Exercise 35 were originally listed as these:a) What problem would you encounter in trying to make a display of these data?b) How did the creators of the bar chart in Exercise 35 solve this problem? Genre Frequency 66 Action Adventure 69 Black Comedy
Plane crashes An investigator compiled information aboutrecent nonmilitary plane crashes. The causes, to the extent that they could be determined, are summarized in the table.a) Is it reasonable to conclude that the weather or mechanical failures caused only about 37% of recent plane crashes?b) Why
EU causes of death 2015 In 2015, 5,217,376 persons died in the European Union. Around 1.9 million people died from diseases of the circulatory system, while 1.3 million died from cancer. The third main cause of death in the EU was diseases of the respiratory system, which killed 442,100 persons.A
Judicial activity II The article about the judicial activity of the General Court described in Exercise 37 also indicated that the nature of proceedings of the 722 new cases were as follows:67 state aid, 39 competition, 219 intellectual property, 264 other direct actions, 44 appeals, 1 appeal
Judicial activity The following are some statistics concerning the judicial activity of the General Court to the Court of Justice(Source: https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2012-06/ra2011_statistiques_tribunal_en.pdf). In 2011, there were 722 new cases, 714 completed cases,
Movie ratings again Here is a bar chart summarizing the movie ratings from the 891 movies shown in Exercise 4.a) Which was the least common rating?b) Is it easier to answer the question from the bar chart or from the pie chart in Exercise 4? Explain. Count 100 100 200 T 500 400 300 T G NC-17 PG
Movie genres again Here is a bar chart summarizing the movie genres from the 891 movies in Exercise 3. (Data extracted from Movies 06-15)a) Were Thriller/Suspense or Adventure films more common?b) Is it easier to answer the question from the bar chart or from the pie chart in Exercise 3? Explain.
More shapes Would you expect distributions of these variables to be uniform, unimodal, or bimodal? Symmetric or skewed?Explain why.a) Ages of people at a Little League gameb) Number of siblings of people in your classc) Pulse rates of college-age malesd) Number of times each face of a die shows in
Thinking about shape Would you expect distributions of these variables to be uniform, unimodal, or bimodal? Symmetric or skewed? Explain why.a) The number of speeding tickets each student in the senior class of a college has ever hadb) Players’ scores (number of strokes) at the U.S. Open golf
EU wages II With reference to the data provided in Exercise 31, the EU country having the least annual net earnings in 2018 was Bulgaria with €3,693.70, while the EU country having the highest annual net earnings in 2018 was Luxembourg with €31,620.13.a) What measure of spread can you deduce
EU wages As reported by Eurostat, the average annual net earnings of full-time single workers in the European Union(comprising 28 countries and not inclusive of all countries in the continent of Europe) expressed in euros was 17,749.11 in 2018. (Source:
Not a histogram Find a graph other than a histogram that shows the distribution of a quantitative variable in a newspaper, a magazine, or the Internet.a) Does the article identify the W’s?b) Discuss whether the display is appropriate for the data.c) Discuss what the display reveals about the
Histogram Find a histogram that shows the distribution of a variable in a newspaper, a magazine, or the Internet.a) Does the article identify the W’s?b) Discuss whether the display is appropriate.c) Discuss what the display reveals about the variable and its distribution.d) Does the article
Table interpretation II Using the frequency table of Exercise 27, do the following:a) Convert the table to a relative frequency table.b) Display the data of the frequency table in a bar chart.c) Discuss what the bar chart reveals about the distribution of the categorical variable.d) Are there any
Table interpretation Find a frequency table of categorical data from a research paper or an article that interests you online.a) What is the title of the table? Does it explain the table well?b) Does the table display counts, percentages, or both?c) Can you identify the W’s of the categorical
Graphs in the news II Find a pie chart of categorical data from a newspaper, a magazine, or the Internet.a) Is the graph clearly labeled?b) Does it violate the area principle?c) Does the accompanying article tell the W’s of the variable?d) Do you think the article correctly interprets the data?
Graphs in the news Find a bar chart of categorical data from a newspaper, a magazine, or the Internet.a) Is the graph clearly labeled?b) Does it violate the area principle?c) Does the accompanying article tell the W’s of the variable?d) Do you think the article correctly interprets the
Shoe sizes III For the shoe sizes in Exercise 16, what might be the problem with either the standard deviation or the IQR as a measure of spread?
How big is your bicep III? For the bicep measurements in Exercise 10, would you report the standard deviation or the IQR? Explain briefly.
Live births III For the number of live births in Exercise 12, what is the best measure for reporting the spread of the data?Justify your answer.
Life expectancy III For the 190 life expectancies in Exercise 15,a) Would you report the standard deviation or the IQR?b) Justify your answer briefly.
Shoe sizes II For the shoe sizes in Exercise 16, what might be the problem with either the mean or the median as a measure of center?
How big is your bicep II? For the bicep measurements in Exercise 10, would you report the mean, the median, or both?Explain briefly.
Live births II For the number of live births in Exercise 12, answer the following:a) Which would you expect to be larger: the median or the mean? Explain.b) Which would you rather report: the mean or the median?Explain.
Life expectancy II For the 146 life expectancies in Exercise 15,a) Which would you expect to be larger: the median or the mean? Explain briefly.b) Which would you report: the mean or the median? Explain briefly.
Shoe sizes A last is a form, traditionally made of wood, in the shape of the human foot. Lasts of various sizes are used by shoemakers to make shoes. In the United States, shoe sizes are defined differently for men and women:U.S. men’s shoe size = (last size in inches * 3) - 24 U.S. women’s
Life expectancy Here are the life expectancies at birth in 190 countries (2014) as collected by the World Health Organization.a) Describe the shape.b) How many modes do you see? Countries 40 30 20 10 1 48 58 68 Life Expectancy at Birth 78
Patient calls II For the distribution of patient calls in Exercise 11, describe the shape.
Biceps revisited Describe the shape of the distribution of bicep circumferences (in inches) for the 250 men in the study of Exercise 10.
Live births The first histogram below shows the number of live births, in 1,000 births, in the United Kingdom from 2000 to 2018.The second histogram shows the population size, in million inhabitants, in the United Kingdom during the same period.(Sources:
Patient calls During a particular month, a gastroenterology provider kept record of the number of telephone calls received by his patients. The following histogram shows the distribution of telephone calls received.What does the above histogram say about the distribution of patient calls received
How big is your bicep in cm? The study in Exercise 9 actually measured the bicep circumference in centimeters. The dotplot in Exercise 9 was formed by dividing each measurement by 2.54 to convert it to inches. Here is the dotplot of the original values in cm. Do the two dotplots look different?
How big is your bicep? A study of body fat on 250 men collected measurements of 12 body parts as well as the percentage of body fat that the men carried. Here is a dotplot of their bicep circumferences (in inches). What does the dotplot say about the distribution of the size of men’s biceps?
Active volcanoes II Here are the same histograms as in Exercise 7.Note that one bar in the active volcanoes histogram has been highlighted together with the corresponding bars in the Year histogram.a) Which years are included in the highlighted bar in the Active Volcanoes histogram?b) How many
Active volcanoes Here are two histograms showing the annual number of active volcanoes (Source: https://volcano.si.edu/faq/index.cfm?question=eruptionsbyyear). One plots the years, and the other plots the number of active volcanoes.a) For which years is data about active volcanoes available?b) Why
Marriage in decline Changing attitudes about marriage and families prompted Pew Research to ask how people felt about particular recent trends. (pewresearch.org/pubs/1802/declinemarriage-rise-new-families) For each trend, participants were asked whether the trend “is a good thing,” “is a bad
Movie ratings The ratings of the 20 top-grossing movies in the years 2006, 2008, 2012, and 2014 are shown in the following bar charts. The pie charts show the same data but are unlabeled. Match each pie chart with the correct year. (Data extracted from Movies 06-15) i) Frequency A 2 40 Top 20
Movie ratings The Motion Picture Association of America(MPAA) rates each film to designate the appropriate audience.The ratings are G, PG, PG-13, and R. The pie chart shows the MPAA ratings of the same 891 movies released in 2014 and 2015 as in Exercise 3. (Data extracted from Movies 06-15)a) Is
Movie genres The pie chart summarizes the genres of the 891 MPAA rated movies released in 2014 and 2015. (Data extracted from Movies 06-15)a) Is this an appropriate display for the genres? Why or why not?b) Which category was least common? Genre Genre Action Adventure Comedy Documentary Drama
Employment by age The distribution of employed persons with a main job by age group is shown in the following bar chart. Change this to a bar chart of relative frequencies. Frequency 80,000.00 70,764 63,397 60,000.00 40,000.00 25,049 20,000.00 0.00 44,698 32,519 5,041 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64
Labor status The table below gives the numbers of Maltese persons aged 15 and over during the first quarter of 2019 by labor status.Convert this table to a relative frequency table. Labor Status Employed Unemployed Inactive Frequency 241,468 8,853 165,235 Source: https://nso.gov.mt/en/News
Indy 500 2018 on the computer Load the Indy 500 2018 data into your preferred statistics package and answer the following questions:a) What was the average speed of the winner in 1920?b) How many times did Bill Vukovich win the race in the 1950s?c) How many races took place during the 1940s?
Formula 1 on the computer Load the Formula 1 data for the ten most recent races in Australia into your preferred statistics package, and answer the following questions:a) What was the name of the winning driver in 2014?b) Which country had the highest frequency of winning in the past ten races?c)
Indy 500 2018 The 2.5-mile Indianapolis Motor Speedway has been the home to a race on Memorial Day nearly every year since 1911. Even during the first race, there were controversies.Ralph Mulford was given the checkered flag first but took three extra laps just to make sure he’d completed 500
London Marathon The London Marathon is an annual marathon held in London, United Kingdom, as part of the World Marathon Majors. It started in 1981 and has been held in the spring of every year since then. The London Marathon is set around the River Thames, beginning around Blackheath and finishing
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