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macroeconomic theory

Microeconomics For Today 6th Edition Irvin B. Tucker - Solutions

E2.21 (LO 8) (Worksheet) Presented below are selected accounts for Acevedo Company as reported in the worksheet at the end of May 2025.Instructions Complete the worksheet by extending amounts reported in the adjusted trial balance to the appropriate columns in the worksheet. Do not total individual
*E2.20 (LO 3, 7) (Adjusting and Reversing Entries) When the accounts of Constantine A.Ş. are examined, the adjusting data listed below are uncovered on December 31, the end of an annual fiscal period.1. The prepaid insurance account shows a debit of 6,000, representing the cost of a 2-year fire
*E2.19 (LO 6) (Cash and Accrual Basis) Butler Corp. maintains its financial records on the cash basis of accounting. Interested in securing a long-term loan from its regular bank, Butler Corp. requests you to convert its cash-basis income statement data to the accrual basis. You are provided with
*E2.18 (LO 6) (Cash to Accrual Basis) Corinne Dunbar, M.D., maintains the accounting records of Dunbar Clinic on a cash basis. During 2025, Dr. Dunbar collected €142,600 from her patients and paid€60,470 in expenses. At January 1, 2025, and December 31, 2025, she had accounts receivable,
E2.17 (LO 2) (Transactions of a Company, Including Investment and Dividend) Snyder Miniature Golf and Driving Range plc was opened on March 1 by Mickey Snyder. The following selected events and transactions occurred during March.Mar. 1 Invested £60,000 cash in the business in exchange for ordinary
E2.16 (LO 4, 5) (Closing Entries) Presented below are selected account balances for Alistair Co.as of December 31, 2025.Inventory 12/31/25 $ 60,000 Cost of Goods Sold $235,700 Share Capital—Ordinary 75,000 Selling Expenses 16,000 Retained Earnings 45,000 Administrative Expenses 38,000 Dividends
E2.15 (LO 5) (Missing Amounts) Presented below is financial information for two different companies.Shabbona Company Jenkins Company Sales revenue $90,000 (d)Sales returns and allowances (a) $ 5,000 Net sales 85,000 90,000 Cost of goods sold 56,000 (e)Gross profit (b) 38,000 Operating expenses
E2.14 (LO 4, 5) (Closing Entries) Presented below is information related to Russell AG for the month of January 2025.Cost of goods sold €202,000 Salaries and wages expense € 61,000 Delivery expense 7,000 Sales discounts 8,000 Insurance expense 12,000 Sales returns and allowances 13,000 Rent
E2.13 (LO 4, 5) (Closing Entries) The adjusted trial balance of Faulk Ltd. shows the following data pertaining to sales at the end of its fiscal year, October 31, 2025: Sales Revenue £800,000; Delivery Expense £12,000; Sales Returns and Allowances £24,000; and Sales Discounts
E2.12 (LO 4) (Prepare Financial Statements) Flynn Design was founded by Katrina Flynn in January 2020. Presented below is the adjusted trial balance as of December 31, 2025.Flynn Design Adjusted Trial Balance December 31, 2025 Dr. Cr.Cash € 10,000 Accounts Receivable 21,500 Supplies 5,000 Prepaid
E2.11 (LO 4) (Prepare Financial Statements) The adjusted trial balance of Cavamanlis Co. as of December 31, 2025, contains the following.Cavamanlis Co.Adjusted Trial Balance December 31, 2025 Dr. Cr.Cash $18,972 Accounts Receivable 6,920 Prepaid Rent 2,280 Equipment 18,050 Accumulated
E2.10 (LO 3) (Adjusting Entries) Uhura Resort opened for business on June 1 with eight airconditioned units. Its trial balance on August 31 is as follows (in thousands).Uhura Resort Trial Balance August 31, 2025 Debit Credit Cash ¥ 19,600 Prepaid Insurance 4,500 Supplies 2,600 Land 20,000
E2.9 (LO 2, 3) (Adjusting Entries) Selected accounts of Leno Company are shown below.Supplies Accounts Receivable Beg. Bal. 800 10/31 470 10/17 2,100 10/31 1,650 Salaries and Wages Expense Salaries and Wages Payable 10/15 800 10/31 600 10/31 600 Unearned Service Revenue Supplies Expense 10/31 400
E2.8 (LO 3) (Adjusting Entries) William Bryant is the new owner of Ace Computer Services. At the end of August 2025, his first month of ownership, Bryant is trying to prepare monthly financial statements.Below is information related to unrecorded expenses that the business incurred during August.1.
E2.7 (LO 3) (Analyze Adjusted Data) A partial adjusted trial balance of Safin plc at January 31, 2025, shows the following.Safin plc Adjusted Trial Balance January 31, 2025 Debit Credit Supplies £ 900 Prepaid Insurance 2,400 Salaries and Wages Payable £ 800 Unearned Service Revenue 750 Supplies
E2.6 (LO 3) (Adjusting Entries) Stephen Woo, a dental surgeon, opened a dental practice on January 1, 2025. During the first month of operations, the following transactions occurred.1. Performed services for patients who had dental plan insurance. At January 31, S$750 of such services were
E2.5 (LO 3) (Adjusting Entries) The ledger of Chopin Rental Agency on March 31 of the current year includes the following selected accounts before adjusting entries have been prepared.Debit Credit Prepaid Insurance € 3,600 Supplies 2,800 Equipment 25,000 Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment €
E2.4 (LO 2) (Corrected Trial Balance) The following trial balance of Oakley NV does not balance.Oakley NV Trial Balance June 30, 2025 Debit Credit Cash € 2,870 Accounts Receivable € 3,231 Supplies 800 Equipment 3,800 Accounts Payable 2,666 Unearned Service Revenue 1,200 Share Capital—Ordinary
E2.3 (LO 2) (Corrected Trial Balance) The following trial balance of Scarlatti Corporation does not balance.Scarlatti Corporation Trial Balance April 30, 2025 Debit Credit Cash $ 5,912 Accounts Receivable 5,240 Supplies 2,967 Equipment 6,100 Accounts Payable $ 7,044 Share Capital—Ordinary 8,000
E2.2 (LO 2) (Corrected Trial Balance) The following trial balance of Geronimo AG does not balance.Your review of the ledger reveals the following. (a) Each account had a normal balance. (b) The debit footings in Prepaid Insurance, Accounts Payable, and Property Tax Expense were each
E2.1 (LO 2) (Transaction Analysis—Service Company) Kai Edo is a licensed public accountant.During the first month of operations of her business (a sole proprietorship), the following events and transactions occurred (amounts in thousands).April 2 Invested ¥30,000 cash and equipment valued at
*B E2.13 (LO 7) Assume that GlaxoSmithKline (GBR) made a December 31 adjusting entry to debit Salaries and Wages Expense and credit Salaries and Wages Payable for £4,200 for one of its departments.On January 2, Glaxo paid the weekly payroll of £7,000. Prepare Glaxo’s (a) January 1 reversing
*B E2.12 (LO 6) Kelly SpA had cash receipts from customers in 2025 of €142,000. Cash payments for operating expenses were €97,000. Kelly has determined that at January 1, accounts receivable was €13,000 and prepaid expenses were €17,500. At December 31, accounts receivable was €18,600 and
BE2.11 (LO 4) Side Kicks has year-end account balances of Sales Revenue €808,900, Interest Revenue€13,500, Cost of Goods Sold €556,200, Operating Expenses €189,000, Income Tax Expense €35,100, and Dividends €18,900. Prepare the year-end closing entries.
BE2.10 (LO 3, 4) At the end of its first year of operations, the trial balance of Alonzo NV shows Equipment €30,000 and zero balances in Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment and Depreciation Expense. Depreciation for the year is estimated to be €2,000. Prepare the adjusting entry for
BE2.9 (LO 2, 3) Prepare the following adjusting entries at August 31 for Nokia (FIN).a. Interest on notes payable of €300 is accrued.b. Unbilled fees for services performed total €1,400.c. Salaries and wages earned by employees of €700 have not been recorded.d. Bad debt expense for the year
BE2.8 (LO 2, 3) Included in Gonzalez NV’s December 31 trial balance is a note receivable of €12,000.The note is a 4-month, 10% note dated October 1. Prepare Gonzalez’s December 31 adjusting entry to record €300 of accrued interest, and the February 1 journal entry to record receipt of
BE2.7 (LO 2, 3) Dresser SE’s weekly payroll, paid on Fridays, totals €8,000. Employees work a 5-day week. Prepare Dresser’s adjusting entry on Wednesday, December 31, and the journal entry to record the€8,000 cash payment on Friday, January 2.
BE2.6 (LO 2, 3) LaBouche AG owns a warehouse. On November 1, it rented storage space to a lessee (tenant) for 3 months for a total cash payment of €2,400 received in advance. Prepare LaBouche’s November 1 journal entry and the December 31 annual adjusting entry.
BE2.5 (LO 2, 3) Assume that on February 1, Marks and Spencer plc (M&S) (GBR) paid £72,000 in advance for 2 years’ insurance coverage. Prepare M&S’s February 1 journal entry and the annual adjusting entry on June 30.
BE2.4 (LO 2, 3) Using the data in BE2.3, journalize the entry on July 1 and the adjusting entry on December 31 for Zubin Insurance. Zubin uses the accounts Unearned Insurance Revenue and Insurance Revenue.
BE2.3 (LO 2, 3) On July 1, 2025, Crowe NV pays €15,000 to Zubin Insurance for a 3-year insurance policy. Both companies have fiscal years ending December 31. For Crowe NV journalize the entry on July 1 and the adjusting entry on December 31.
BE2.2 (LO 2) Agazzi Repair Shop had the following transactions during the first month of business as a proprietorship. Journalize the transactions. (Omit explanations.)Aug. 2 Invested €12,000 cash and €2,500 of equipment in the business.7 Purchased supplies on account for €500. (Debit asset
BE2.1 (LO 2) Transactions for Mehta SE for the month of May are presented below. Prepare journal entries for each of these transactions. (You may omit explanations.)May 1 B.D. Mehta invests €4,000 cash in exchange for ordinary shares to start his welding business.3 Buys equipment on account for
*19. “A worksheet is a permanent accounting record, and its use is required in the accounting cycle.” Do you agree? Explain.
*18. What are reversing entries, and why are they used?
*17. Explain the distinction between accounting using strict cashbasis accounting and a modified cash basis.
*16. When salaries and wages expense for the year on an accrual basis is computed, why are beginning accrued salaries and wages subtracted from, and ending accrued salaries and wages added to, salaries and wages paid during the year?
*15. Distinguish between cash-basis accounting and accrual-basis accounting. Why is accrual-basis accounting acceptable for most business enterprises and the cash-basis unacceptable in the preparation of an income statement and a statement of financial position?
14. Chen Enterprises made the following entry on December 31, 2025.Interest Expense 10,000 Interest Payable 10,000(To record interest expense due on loan from Hibernia Bank)What entry would Hibernia Bank make regarding its outstanding loan to Chen Enterprises? Explain why this must be the case.
13. Carlo Avardo, maintenance supervisor for Lisbon Insurance Co., has purchased a riding lawnmower and accessories to be used in maintaining the grounds around company headquarters. He has sent the following information to the accounting department.Cost of mower and accessories€4,000 Date
12. What are closing entries, and why are they necessary?
11. What are adjusting entries, and why are they necessary?
10. What differences are there between the trial balance before closing and the trial balance after closing with respect to the following accounts?a. Accounts Payable.b. Expense accounts.c. Revenue accounts.d. Retained Earnings account.e. Cash.
9. (a) How do the components of revenues and expenses differ between a merchandising company and a service enterprise?(b) Explain the income measurement process of a merchandising company.
8. Employees are paid every Saturday for the preceding work week.If a statement of financial position is prepared on Wednesday, December 31, what does the amount of salaries and wages earned by employees the first 3 days of the week (12/29, 12/30, 12/31) represent?Explain.
7. Indicate whether each of the items below is a real or nominal account and whether it appears in the statement of financial position or the income statement.a. Prepaid Rent.b. Salaries and Wages Payable.c. Inventory.d. Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment.e. Equipment.f. Service Revenue.g.
6. Is it necessary that a trial balance be prepared periodically? What purpose does it serve?
5. Prepare financial statements for a merchandising company.
4. Prepare financial statements from the adjusted trial balance and prepare closing entries.
3. Identify and prepare adjusting entries.
2. Record and summarize basic transactions.
1. Describe the basic accounting information system.
6. Companies should not have to report forward-looking information unless there are effective deterrents to unwarranted litigation that discourages companies from doing so.Instructions For each item, briefly discuss how the proposed constraint addresses concerns about the costs and benefits of
5. Companies should present certain elements of business reporting only if users and management agree they should be reported—a concept of flexible reporting.
4. Other than for financial statements, management need report only the information it knows. That is, management should be under no obligation to gather information it does not have or does not need to manage the business.
3. Management should not be required to provide forecasted financial statements. Rather, management should provide information that helps users forecast for themselves the company’s financial future.
2. Management should not be required to report information that would significantly harm the company’s competitive position.
1. Business reporting should exclude information outside of management’s expertise or for which management is not the best source, such as information about competitors.
CA1.8 (LO 3) (Cost Constraint) A Special Committee on Financial Reporting proposed the following constraints related to financial reporting.
CA1.7 (LO 3) Ethics (Expense Recognition Principle) Anderson Nuclear Power Plant will be“mothballed” at the end of its useful life (approximately 20 years) at great expense. Accountants Ana Alicia and Ed Bradley argue whether it is better to allocate the expense of mothballing over the next 20
CA1.6 (LO 4) Writing (Politicization of IFRS) Some accountants have said that politicization in the development and acceptance of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is taking place. Some use the term “politicization” in a narrow sense to mean the influence by governmental
CA1.5 (LO 3) (Expense Recognition Principle) An accountant must be familiar with the concepts involved in determining earnings of a business entity. The amount of earnings reported for a business entity is dependent on the proper recognition, in general, of revenue and expense for a given time
CA1.4 (LO 3) (Revenue Recognition Principle) After the presentation of your report on the examination of the financial statements to the board of directors of Piper Publishing, one of the new directors expresses surprise that the income statement assumes that an equal proportion of the revenue is
CA1.3 (LO 2) Groupwork (Qualitative Characteristics) Accounting information provides useful information about business transactions and events. Those who provide and use financial reports must often select and evaluate accounting alternatives. The Conceptual Framework examines the characteristics
CA1.2 (LO 1) (IFRS and Standard-Setting) Presented below are four statements to identify as true or false. If false, explain why the statement is incorrect.1. The objective of financial statements emphasizes a stewardship approach for reporting financial information.2. The objective of financial
CA1.1 (LO 1) (IFRS and Standard-Setting) Presented below are five statements to identify as true or false. If false, explain why the statement is incorrect.1. IFRS is the term used to indicate the whole body of IASB authoritative literature.2. Any company claiming compliance with IFRS must follow
E1.11 (LO 1 2, 3, 4) (Financial Reporting and Accounting Standards) Answer the following multiple-choice questions.1. IFRS stands for:a. International Federation of Reporting Services.b. Independent Financial Reporting Standards.c. International Financial Reporting Standards.d. Integrated Financial
E1.10 (LO 3) Groupwork (Accounting Principles—Comprehensive) The following information relates to Wang Group.Instructions Comment on the appropriateness of the accounting procedures followed by Wang Group.a. Depreciation expense on the building for the year was ¥60,000. Because the building was
E1.9 (LO 3) Groupwork (Accounting Principles—Comprehensive) Presented below are a number of business transactions that occurred during the current year for Gonzales SpA.Instructions In each of the situations, discuss the appropriateness of the journal entries.a. The president of Gonzales SpA used
E1.8 (LO 3) (Full Disclosure Principle) The following facts relate to Weller AG. Assume that no mention of these facts was made in the financial statements and the related notes.Instructions Assume that you are the auditor of Weller AG and that you have been asked to explain the appropriate
E1.7 (LO 3) (Assumptions, Principles, and Constraint) Presented below are a number of operational guidelines and practices that have developed over time.Instructions Select the assumption, principle, or constraint that most appropriately justifies these procedures and practices. (Do not use
E1.6 (LO 3) (Assumptions, Principles, and Constraint) Presented below are the assumptions, principles, and constraint used in this chapter.1. Economic entity assumption 2. Going concern assumption 3. Monetary unit assumption 4. Periodicity assumption 5. Accrual-basis assumption 6. Historical cost
E1.5 (LO 2) (Elements of Financial Statements) Five interrelated elements that are most directly related to measuring the performance and financial status of an enterprise are provided below.Assets Income Liabilities Expenses Equity Instructions Identify the element or elements associated with the
E1.4 (LO 2) (Qualitative Characteristics) The qualitative characteristics that make accounting information useful for decision-making purposes are as follows.Relevance Neutrality Verifiability Faithful representation Completeness Understandability Predictive value Timeliness Comparability
10. Nadal Company has attempted to determine the replacement cost of its inventory. Three different appraisers arrive at substantially different amounts for this value. The president, nevertheless, decides to report the middle value for external reporting purposes. Which qualitative characteristic
9. Duggan, Inc. is the only company in its industry to depreciate its plant assets on a straight-line basis.Which qualitative characteristic of accounting information may not be present?
8. Predictive value is an ingredient of which of the two fundamental qualities that make accounting information useful for decision-making purposes?
7. Watteau Inc. does not issue its first-quarter report until after the second quarter’s results are reported. Which qualitative characteristic of accounting is not followed? (Do not use relevance.)
6. What are the two fundamental qualities that make accounting information useful for decisionmaking?
5. Assume that the profession permits the savings and loan industry to defer losses on investments it sells, because immediate recognition of the loss may have adverse economic consequences on the industry. Which qualitative characteristic of accounting information is not followed? (Do not use
4. Muruyama Group switches from FIFO to average-cost and then back to FIFO over a 2-year period.Which qualitative characteristic of accounting information is not followed?
3. A noted accountant once remarked, “If it becomes accepted or expected that accounting principles are determined or modified in order to secure purposes other than economic measurement, we assume a grave risk that confidence in the credibility of our financial information system will be
2. Identify the overall or pervasive constraint developed in the Conceptual Framework.
1. What is the quality of information that enables users to confirm or correct prior expectations?
E1.3 (LO 2) Groupwork (Qualitative Characteristics) The Conceptual Framework identifies the qualitative characteristics that make accounting information useful. Presented below are a number of questions related to these qualitative characteristics and underlying constraint.
7. In preparing financial reports, it is assumed that users of the reports have reasonable knowledge of business and economic activities.
6. Verifiability is solely an enhancing characteristic for faithful representation.
5. Comparability pertains only to the reporting of information in a similar manner for different companies.
4. Information that is a faithful representation is characterized as having predictive or confirmatory value.
3. Conservatism, a prudent reaction to uncertainty, is considered a constraint of financial reporting.
2. Relevant information has predictive value, confirmatory value, or both.
1. The fundamental qualitative characteristics that make accounting information useful are relevance and verifiability.
E1.2 (LO 2) (Usefulness, Objective of Financial Reporting, Qualitative Characteristics) Indicate whether the following statements about the Conceptual Framework are true or false. If false, provide a brief explanation supporting your position.
6. The objective of financial reporting is the foundation from which the other aspects of the framework logically result.
5. Accounting reports should be developed so that users without knowledge of economics and business can become informed about the financial results of a company.
4. Capital providers are the only users who benefit from general-purpose financial reporting.
3. Accounting standards based on individual conceptual frameworks generally will result in consistent and comparable accounting reports.
2. General-purpose financial reports are most useful to company insiders in making strategic business decisions.
1. Accounting rule-making that relies on a body of concepts will result in useful and consistent pronouncements.

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