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Marketing An Introduction 3rd Edition Gary Armstrong, Philip Kotler, Michael Harker, Ross Brennan - Solutions
11-14 Determine by how much sales can drop and let the company still maintain the total contribution it had when the contribution margin was 40 per cent. (AACSB:Communication; Analytic reasoning)
11-13 If the company’s original contribution margin was 40 per cent, calculate the new contribution margin if price is increased 10 per cent. Refer to Appendix 2: Marketing by the numbers, paying attention to endnote 6 on the price change explanation in which the analysis is done by setting price
11-12 What factors account for the variation in airfares?Should airlines be permitted to get as much as they can for a seat? (AACSB: Communication; Reflective thinking)
11-10 Research ways in which marketers protect against the consequences of online pricing errors and write a brief report summarising what you learn. (AACSB: Communication;Reflective thinking)
11-9 Find two other examples of online pricing mistakes.How did the companies handle the problems resulting from the pricing errors? (AACSB: Communication;Reflective thinking)
9-ending pricing? Why do marketers use this pricing tactic? (AACSB: Communication; Reflective thinking
11-8 One psychological pricing tactic is ‘just-below’ pricing.It is also called ‘9-ending’ pricing because prices usually end in the number 9 (or 99). In a small group, have each member select five different products and visit a store to learn the price of those items. Is there a variation
11-7 Identify three online price-comparison shopping sites or apps and shop for a product you are interested in purchasing. Compare the price ranges given at the three sites. Based on your search, determine a ‘fair’ price for the product. (AACSB: Communication; Use of IT; Reflective thinking)
You know that you cannot absorb this increase and that you must pass it on to your customers. However, you are concerned about the consequences of an open price increase. Discuss three alternative price-increase strategies that address these concerns. (AACSB: Communication;Reflective thinking)
11-6 You are an owner of a small independent chain of coffee houses competing head-to-head with Costa Coffee. The retail price your customers pay for coffee is exactly the same as at Costa Coffee. The wholesale price you pay for roasted coffee beans has increased by 25 per cent.
11-5 Briefly discuss the major policy issues across levels of the channel of distribution. (AACSB: Communication)Critical-thinking exercises
11-4 Should a company always respond to a competitor’s price cut, and what options are available if it does decide to respond? (AACSB: Communication)
11-3 What is dynamic pricing? Why is it especially prevalent online? Is it legal? (AACSB: Communication)
11-2 Define captive-product pricing and give examples. What must marketers be concerned about when implementing this type of pricing? (AACSB: Communication)
11-1 Compare and contrast market-skimming and market penetration pricing strategies and discuss the conditions under which each is appropriate. For each strategy, give an example of a recently introduced product that used that pricing strategy. (AACSB: Communication; Reflective thinking)
Objective 5 Overview the social and legal issues that affect pricing decisions.Public policy and pricing (pp. 328–330)
Objective 4 Discuss the key issues related to initiating and responding to price changes.Price changes (pp. 325–328)
Objective 3 Discuss how companies adjust their prices to take into account different types of customers and situations.Price adjustment strategies (pp. 318–324)
Objective 2 Explain how companies find a set of prices that maximises the profits from the total product mix.Product mix pricing strategies (pp. 315–317)
Objective 1 Describe the major strategies for pricing new products.New product pricing strategies (pp. 314–315)
4. Is Cath Kidston’s pricing strategy sustainable? Explain.
3. Could Cath Kidston have been successful as a designfocused product marketer had it employed a low-price strategy? Explain.
2. Has Cath Kidston executed value-based pricing, cost-based pricing or competition-based pricing? Explain.
1. Does Cath Kidston’s pricing strategy truly differentiate it from the competition?
10-14 If the unit variable cost for each computer is €350 and the manufacturer has fixed costs totalling €2 million, how many computers must this manufacturer sell to break even? How many must it sell to realise a profit of €50 million? (AACSB: Communication; Analytical reasoning)
Reflective thinking; Ethical reasoning)10-13 A consumer purchases a computer for €800 from a retailer. If the retailer’s mark-up is 30 per cent and the wholesaler’s mark-up is 10 per cent, both based on their respective selling prices, at what price does the manufacturer sell the product to
10-12 Is this similar to the ‘freemium’ model used by many US game producers? Explain this model and discuss examples of games that use this model. (AACSB: Communication;
10-11 Is it ethical for game producers to use game playing data to encourage consumers to spend more? Explain why or why not. (AACSB: Communication; Ethical reasoning)
10-10 Camel is not the only Amazon tracking or online price tracking application. Find and describe an example of another online price tracking tool for consumers.(AACSB: Communication; Use of IT)
10-9 Go to http://us.camelcamelcamel.com/ and set up a free account. Track ten products that interest you. Did any of the products reach your desired price? Write a report on the usefulness of this type of app for consumers.(AACSB: Communication; Use of IT)
10-6 If you’ve ever travelled to another country, such as Germany, you may have noticed that the price on a product is the total amount you actually pay when you check out. That is, no sales tax is added to the purchase price at the checkout as it is in the United States. That is because many
10-8 What is the Consumer Price Index (CPI)? Select one of the reports available at www.bls.gov/cpi/home.htm and create a presentation on price changes over the past two years. Discuss reasons for that change. (AACSB: Communication;Use of IT; Reflective thinking)
10-5 What other issues beyond the market and the economy must marketers consider when setting prices? (AACSB:Communication)
10-4 Name and describe the four types of markets recognised by economists and discuss the pricing challenges posed by each. (AACSB: Communication)
10-3 What is target costing and how is it different from the usual process of setting prices? (AACSB: Communication)
10-2 Name and describe the types of costs marketers must consider when setting prices. Describe the types of costbased pricing and the methods of implementing each.(AACSB: Communication)
10-1 How does value-based pricing differ from cost-based pricing? (AACSB: Communication)
5. Can Reckitt extend its position in emerging markets. If so, how can this be achieved?
4. Will Reckitt be able to maintain its market position in so many areas when strong competitors enter with their own niche products? Why or why not?
3. Based on the product life cycle, what challenges does Reckitt face in managing its brand portfolio? Are the challenges for Mr Kapoor different to those faced earlier by Mr Brecht? In what ways?
2. Is Reckitt’s product development customer-centred?Systematic?Justify and explain your answer.
1. How has Reckitt been able to achieve leadership positions in so many different areas?
9-13 What other factors must a dentist consider before offering this service in addition to their in-office service?(AACSB: Communication; Reflective thinking)
9-12 What types of fixed costs are associated with this service?Estimate the total fixed costs for this additional service, and, assuming a contribution margin of 40 per cent, determine the amount of sales necessary to break even on this increase in fixed costs to offer this additional service.
9-10 Discuss the ethical issues surrounding orphan drugs.Should pharmaceutical companies be allowed to charge such high prices for these drugs? (AACSB: Communication;Ethical reasoning)
9-9 Discuss other existing products that have created new life for the product by embracing Internet, mobile or social media platforms. Suggest an app for another tangible
9-8 In what stage of the product life cycle is the Reading Rainbow television programme? Has the mobile app changed that? Explain. (AACSB: Communication; Reflective thinking)
9-7 The ‘Internet of Things’ — a term that refers to everyday objects being connected to the Internet — is growing.Thermostats, ovens, cars, toothbrushes, and even baby clothes are connecting to the Internet.
9-6 Find an example of a company that launched a new consumer product within the last five years. Develop a presentation showing how the company implemented the 4 Ps in launching the product and report on the product’s success since the launch. (AACSB: Communication;Reflective thinking)
9-5 It appears that the sky is the limit regarding ideas for smartphone/tablet apps. In a small group, create an idea for new apps related to (1) business, (2) health, (3) education,(4) sports and (5) shopping. (AACSB: Communication;Use of IT; Reflective thinking)
9-4 Name and define the stages of the product life cycle.Do all products follow this pattern? Explain. (AACSB:Communication; Reflective thinking)
9-3 What are the benefits of an innovation management system and how can a company install such a system?(AACSB: Communication)
9-2 What decisions must be made once a company decides to go ahead with commercialisation for a new product?(AACSB: Communication)
9-1 What activities are performed in the marketing strategy development step of the new product development process? What is required in a good marketing strategy statement? (AACSB: Communication; Reflective thinking)
1. What do you think that the John Lewis brand means to consumers?Is this brand a strength or a weakness as the company moves forward?
8-13 What brand development strategy is Kellogg’s undertaking?(AACSB: Communication; Reflective thinking)
8-14 Assume the company expects to sell 5 million packages of Pop-Tarts Gone Nutty! in the first year after introduction globally, but expects that 80 per cent of those sales will come from buyers who would normally purchase existing Pop-Tart flavours (that is, they will be cannibalised
8-10 Discuss two examples of similar types of wearable technology for humans. (AACSB: Communication; Reflective thinking)
8-9 Describe the core, actual and augmented levels of product associated with this product. What level does the monitoring service represent? Explain. (AACSB: Communication;Reflective thinking)
8-8 Find five examples of service-provider attempts to reduce service intangibility. Describe them. (AACSB:Communication; Reflective thinking)
8-7 A product’s package must satisfy many criteria, such as sustainability, convenience, safety, efficiency, functionality and marketing. Research ‘packaging awards’ and develop a presentation analysing an award-winning product packaging effort. Describe the organisation hosting the award
8-6 In many countries, regulators are requiring improvements to the standard nutrition labels on food items. In a small group, research the nutrition labelling requirements and likely changes in a country of your choice and create a report explaining them. Include history on nutrition labels in
8-5 Discuss how service providers differentiate their services from those of competitors and provide an example of each. (AACSB: Communication)
8-4 What is a brand? Describe the brand sponsorship options available to marketers and provide an example of each. (AACSB: Communication)
8-3 Explain the importance of product quality and discuss how marketers use quality to create customer value.(AACSB: Communication)
8-2 Name and briefly describe the important decisions in developing and marketing individual products and services.(AACSB: Communication)
8-1 What is a product? How do consumer products differ from industrial products? (AACSB: Communication;Reflective thinking)
Use of IT; Analytical reasoning)
7-14 Using the chain ratio method described in Appendix 2:Marketing by the numbers, estimate the market potential in the military (active duty and veterans) market in the USA. Could this model be used in other countries —using the same approach, estimate the market potential in some of those
7-13 Discuss the factors used to evaluate the usefulness of the military personnel segment. (AACSB: Communication;Reflective thinking)
7-12 Give an example of a company that is countering this trend by offering more realistic dolls for young girls.(AACSB: Communication; Reflective thinking)
7-10 Can manufacturers use SoLoMo? Find examples of or make suggestions as to how manufacturers can use this type of targeting. (AACSB: Communication; Reflective thinking)
7-9 Search the Internet to find examples of retailers using SoLoMo and similar new technologies to target and engage potential customers, or describe your personal experience as a shopper in this type of retail technology environment. (AACSB: Communication; Use of IT; Reflective thinking)
7-6 Advertisers use market segmentation when promoting products to consumers. For each major consumer segmention variable, find an example of a print ad that appears to be based on that variable. For each ad, identify the target market and explain why you think the advertiser is using the
show. What competitive advantage does the show have over existing shows? How many and which differences would you promote? (AACSB: Communication;Reflective thinking)
7-8 Form a small group and create an idea for a new reality television show. Using the approach provided in the chapter, develop a positioning statement for this television
7-5 Discuss the criteria that should be evaluated in determining which differences a company should promote in its products. (AACSB: Communication)
7-4 Explain how a company differentiates its products from competitors’ products. (AACSB: Communication)
7-3 Explain how companies segment international markets.(AACSB: Communication)
7-2 Compare and contrast consumer and business market segmentation. (AACSB: Communication)
7-1 Name and describe the four major steps in designing a customer-driven marketing strategy. (AACSB:Communication)
4. How can the Industrial Internet potentially benefit B-to-C markets and customers? What impact might it have and in what ways?
3. B-to-B marketers at GE used the creative concept of Datalandia to promote the potential benefits of the Industrial Internet. What approach to marketing the Industrial Internet would you take to a variety of B-to-B stakeholders such as customers, the business media and government accounts?
2. Business buyers focus on benefits (e.g. cost savings through equipment efficiency) rather than features (e.g. the colour of a piece of equipment). What are the potential benefits of the Industrial Internet for business buyers?
1. What are the specific benefits of the Industrial Internet for each member of the buying centre? What is the key message that needs to be communicated to each member?
6-15 If each sales rep earns a salary of €60,000 per year, what sales are necessary to break even on the sales force costs if the company has a contribution margin of 40 per cent?What effect will adding each additional sales representative have on the break-even sales? (AACSB:
6-14 Refer to Appendix 2: Marketing by the numbers to determine the number of salespeople a company needs if it has 3,000 customers who need to be called on ten times per year. Each sales call lasts approximately 2.5 hours, and each sales rep has approximately 1,250 hours per year to devote to
6-9 Research mobile procurement and discuss the roles in the buying centre that are impacted most by this technology.(AACSB: Communication; Reflective thinking)
6-8 Discuss the advantages of e-procurement to both buyers and sellers. What are the disadvantages? (AACSB: Communication;Reflective thinking)
6-13 How would other company employees interpret your acceptance of this invitation?
6-12 Do you think the supplier will expect ‘special’ treatment in the next buying situation?
6-11 Just because it is not specifically mentioned in the employee manual, would you be acting ethically if you accepted?
6-10 Do you accept or decline the invitation?
6-6 Kaizen. Seiri. Seiton. Seiso. Seiketsu. Shitsako. Jishuken .These Japanese words are related to continuous quality improvement and are applied in supplier development programmes, particularly Toyota’s. Research Toyota’s Production System (TPS) and describe how these concepts are applied in
6-5 Compare the institutional and government markets and explain how institutional and government buyers make their buying decisions. (AACSB: Communication)
6-4 List the steps for a typical new task buying process.What is product value analysis and in which step of the buying process does it occur? (AACSB: Communication;Reflective thinking)
6-3 Discuss the major influences on business buyers.(AACSB: Communication)
6-2 Explain what is meant by systems selling and discuss why it is a preferred approach to buying for many organisations. (AACSB: Communication; Reflective thinking)
6-1 Explain how the market structure and demand differ for business markets compared to consumer markets.(AACSB: Communication; Reflective thinking)
➤ Objective 4 Compare the institutional and government markets and explain how institutional and government buyers make their buying decisions.Institutional and government markets (pp. 180–182)
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