Production And Operations Management 1st Edition R.B. Khanna - Solutions

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4. How does the actual value of smoothing constant affect the forecast by method of exponential smoothing? What are the conditions under which you will recommend a smaller value of smoothing constant?
3. What are MAD, bias and MAPE? How are these useful for evaluating the efficiency of forecasting?
2. What is the difference between trend noise in the demand for a product?
1. What is forecasting? How does it differ from prediction?
11. What is risk priority number (RPN). How are these numbers evaluated? What is their role in product design?
10. What is Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)? Describe the steps involved in FMEA.
9. What information does the roof of the house of quality contain? How will you use this information?
8. What is Quality Function Deployment? Describe its role for product design.
7. What is Value Analysis (VA)? Describe various steps of value analysis
6. How will you evaluate concepts and select one?
5. People feel shy to express their ideas because of the fear of being ridiculed. What can you do prevent such an atmosphere?
4. List the conditions conducive to generation of a large number of concepts.
3. What is benchmarking? Why is benchmarking necessary before target specifications are finalized?
2. How can a company plan to listen to the voice of the customer?
1. A customer says that his car should not start unless the clutch has been pressed. Should it be considered as a valid customer need? Justify your answer.
5. Products arrive for machining on an automatic machine at the average rate of 10 per hour.The machining time is exactly 4 minutes per product. Assuming the arrival of products has a Poisson distribution find the average waiting time for the products.
4. A machine shop has two service windows for issue/return of tools. On the average 20 workers per hour arrive for issue/return of tools. The average time to serve a worker is 4 minutes. Assuming Poisson pattern of arrival and exponentially distributed service times, find the following:(a)
3. In a machine shop there are 10 identical machines. Each machine requires resetting of a special tool, on the average once after every two hours. An expert engineer resets the tool and average time to reset a tool is 20 minutes. Assuming Markovian arrival and service times, find the average
2. On the average, 10 patients come to a doctor, every hour, for treatment. The doctor, on the average spends 8 minutes with every patient. However, from experience it has been noted that when 4 patients are waiting for their turn with the doctor, further arrivals are discouraged and they leave the
1. A fast food restaurant has one service window. On the average 20 customers per hour arrive at the window. On the average, it takes 2 minutes to serve a customer. Assuming Poisson pattern of arrival and exponentially distributed service times, find the following:(a) Average number of customers in
5. Suppose for a M/M/1 queuing system both and are doubled. Will average number of units in the system, or average waiting time change?
4. Deduce an expression for average number of units in the system for a single channel Markovian queue with limited system capacity.
3. Show that for a single channel Markovian queue, the average number of units in the system is given by L Lq where Lq is the average number of systems in the queue is the average rate of arrival is the average rate of service
2. A queuing situation is designated as M/M/1/ : FCFS/k/ . Explain its meaning.
1. What is meant by a Markovian process?
6. Solve the following problem by dynamic programming: Minimize Z 5x + 3x2 + 2x3 subject to where = x1 + x2 + x3 = 7 X1, X2, X3 are non-negative integers.
5. Solve the following problem by dynamic programming: Maximize Z=x1 x2 x3 subject to x1 + x2 + x3 = 8 where X1, X2, X3 are non-negative integers.
4. Solve the following problem by dynamic programming: Maximize Z=2x+5x+3x subject to x1 + x2 + x = 8 where X1, X2, X3 are non-negative integers.
3. Solve the following problem by dynamic programming: Maximize Z=15x + 10x2 + x3 subject to where 3x + 5x2 + 4x3 = 10 x1, x2, x3 are non-negative integers.
2. For the equipment replacement model given in Example 4.1, find the optimal policy if a new machine has just been purchased. The machine is required for six years. The salvage value and the annual revenue contribution remain unchanged.
1. Use dynamic programming to find the shortest route for going from node 1 to node 7 in the network shown in Figure 4.3. The figures written against arrows joining nodes i and j indicate the cost of going from node i to node j. 2 5 3 6 7 8 5 2 2 2 4 6 2 7
5. A company has four machines for processing three jobs. Each job can be assigned to any one of the machines. The cost of processing job i on machine j is given in the table below:Job Machine M1 M2 M3 M4 J1 18 24 28 22 J2 8 13 17 19 J3 10 15 19 22 How should the jobs be assigned so as to minimize
4. Solve the following assignment problem.Person Job I II III IV V 1 11 17 8 16 20 2 9 7 12 6 15 3 13 16 15 12 16 4 21 24 17 28 26 5 14 10 12 11 15
3. A company has factories at A, B and C which supply to warehouses D, E, F and G.Monthly factory capacities are 250, 300 and 400 units, respectively, for regular production.If overtime production is utilized, factories A and B can produce 50 and 75 additional units at overtime incremental costs of
2. A company has three plants A, B and C which supply a product to six major distribution centres 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. The table below gives the transportation costs per unit, the annual plant capacities and the forecast of the demands at various centres.Plant Transportation cost per unit Annual
1. A company has decided to manufacture some or all of the five new products at three of its plants. The production capacity of each of these three plants is as follows:Plant Prod. capacity(No. of units)1 40 2 60 3 90 The market potential for the five products is as follows:Prod. no. 1 2 3 4 5
7. How will you solve an assignment model when it is required to maximize the objective function?
6. How will you solve an assignment model when the number of rows is different from the number of columns?
5. Describe the structure of an assignment model. Can it be solved as a transportation model?Give reasons.
4. How will you solve a transportation model when the total demand does not match the total supply?
3. Is it necessary for an m × n transportation model to have positive entries in exactly m + n – 1 cells?
2. How will you know that a transportation model has more than one optimal solution?
1. Describe the circumstances under which a linear programming model can be solved as a transportation model.
6. A firm produces three products using three machines M1, M2 and M3. The time in hours required to produce one unit each of the three products and the total daily capacity of each machine in minutes are given below.Machine Product 1 Product 2 Product 3 Capacity(h) (h) (h) (min)M1 2 3 2 440 M2 4
5. Minimize Z = 2x1 + 9x2 + x3 subject to constraints 1x1 + 4x2 + 2x3 5 3x1 + x2 + 2x3 4 x1, x2 0
4. Maximize Z = 4x1 + 5x2 + 2x3 subject to constraints 2x1 + x2 + x3 10 1x1 + 3x2 + x3 12 x1 + x2 + x3 = 6 x1, x2, x3 0
3. Maximize Z = 6x1 – 3x2 + 2x3 subject to constraints 2x1 + x2 + x3 16 3x1 + 2x2 + x3 18 x2 – 2x3 8 x1, x2, x3 0
2. Maximize Z = x1 – 3x2 – 2x3 subject to constraints 3x1 – x2 + 2x3 7–2x1 + 4x2 12–4x1 + 3x2 + 8x3 10 x1, x2, x3 0
1. Maximize Z = 3x1 + 2x2 + 5x3 subject to constraints x1 + x2 + x3 9 2x1 + 3x2 + 5x3 30 2x1 – x2 – x3 8 x1, x2, x3 0
8. The base row of a simplex table determines the nonbasic variables to be introduced into the basic solution. How do you determine the variable that leaves the basic solution?
7. Describe the importance of the base row in the simplex method of solution of a linear programming model.
6. Describe the role of slack variables and artificial variables in linear programming models.
5. Is it possible for a linear programming problem to have no basic solution?
4. Are all basic solutions to a linear programming problem necessarily feasible?
3. Are all the feasible solutions to a linear programming problem necessarily basic solutions? Justify your answer.
2. Does the number of basic variables in a linear programming model change during solution? Justify your answer.
1. What is meant by a basic solution to a linear programming problem?
10. Space should be considered ______ and not just as floor space.
9. While laying out ___________ consumer behaviour aspects should be considered.
8. A good layout ensures better flow of work, ----~ persons and __ _
7. The objective of service layouts is to _______ profit per unit area of display.
6. All assembly line operations are ______ layout.
5. Universities follow a ______ layout.
4. A metal fabrication workshop is a typical example of _____ based layout.
3. When positioning machinery, its ______ for maintenance and repairs should be considered.
2. The flow of materials between deparbnents should be kept to the ____ _
1. Layout depends on the _______ employed and the technology used.
10. Load distance methods are used to locate a new facility when _____ will be moved to it or from it.
9. Economic analysis for comparing locations can be performed using _______ _ and _________ _
8. The forced decision matrix involves _________ comparisons.
7. New locations must be compatible with _______ _
6. The Chernobyl disaster is an example of what can happen if ______ factor is ignored.
5. The forced decision matrix is based on ___________ _
4. Location of service facilities must be close to _______ _
3. Location of facilities has a major impact on _____ _
2. The location of a facility acts as the basis for determining ________ _ and cost structure.
1. Location decisions involve ___________ and are not easily reversible.
10. The chances of two consecutive values lying between the upper warning limit and the upper control limit are 1 in ___ _
9. Quality can never be ______ into a product, it must be _____ _
8. If the number of defectives acceptable is reduced, the sampling plan becomes _____ discriminatory.
7. The larger the sample size, the ____ the discrimination of the sampling plan.
6. c chart is used when the attribute follows ______ distribution.
5. p chart is used when the attribute follows______ distribution.
4. The chance of producing a defective when following a six sigma quality level is ___ in one million assuming that the mean has shifted by ___ a.
3. The process is said to be in control when only _________ are present.
2. Lots are defined as low quality if the percentage of defectives is greater than
1. The proportion of defectives that can be allowed for a lot to be accepted is called
10. Basic time = Mean observed time multiplied by the ______ _
9. Standard time = Basic time plus ________ _
8. Ergonomics is also known as ____________ _
7. A critical examination provides an _________ of the present system.
6. Travel charts show the frequency of trips between points and are useful for modifying ________ _
5. An outline process chart shows only ______________ and ______________
4. A SIMO chart records the movement of two or more parts of the ______ _
3. The main steps in a method study are select, record, _____ _, develop, install and _________ _
2. Work study uses techniques like ________ and ______ _
1. Work study is aimed at improving _____________ _
10. Group technology tries to combine the benefits of _____ and ______ _ methods.
9. A process involves flow of _______ and _______ _
8. Hotel services provided to guests is an example of _________ approach.

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Production And Operations Management 1st Edition R.B. Khanna - Solutions

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