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System Analysis Design And Development: Concepts Principles And Practices 1st Edition Charles S. Wasson - Solutions
11.14 Consider the 23 x 32 factorial. Obtain a suitable system of confounding for blocks of size 6.
11.13 For the fraction obtained in Exercise 11.12, obtain a system of confounding using blocks of size 9. State what assumptions need to be made for this design to be useful.
11.12 Obtain the treatment combinations and the alias structure for a 1/3 fraction of the 34 factorial (assuming that 3- and 4-factor interactions are negligible).
11.11 Construct a system of partial confounding for the 32 factorial in blocks of size 3 with 6 blocks so that at least partial information can be obtained about the 2-factor interaction components and full information about the main effects.
11.10 Show that for the 33 factorial contrasts belonging to A and ABC are orthogonal to each other.
11.9 Use SAS PROC FACTEX to construct designs equivalent to those given in (i) and (iv) in Exercise 11.8.
11.8 Consider a 26 factorial experiment and suppose that the experimenter has only enough resources to handle just a fraction of all possible treatment combinations. Let this fraction be chosen by the identify relationship I=+ABCD +CDEF = +ABEF (i) Give the treatment combinations that make up this
11.7 Suppose a dermatologist wants to study the effectiveness of two (2) different preparations of a skin lotion using two (2) different forms of application (for example, one vs. two applications per day). He has available 12 patients with a certain skin disease and he can apply one form of
11.5 Suppose you are consulted to help design an esperiment involving two factors at two levels each. A sufficient number of blocks of size two are available for the experiment. The investigator wishes to obtain equal information on the main effects and the two-factor interaction. (i) Give the name
11.4 Consider a 22 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with r replications for each treatment combination. Suppose that for each observation, y, information on a covariate, x, is available. (i) Using the supplementary information, give the general expression for the (adjusted)
11.3 Consider the following block designs with 5 blocks and with treatments having a 22 factorial structure (with factors A and B, say): (a) randomized complete block design with 2 samples per EU, and 2 measure- ments per sample; (b) generalized randomized block design with 4 replications for each
11.2 Consider a 22 factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with b blocks. (i) Define, in terms of the true treatment effects, the main effects and two- factor interaction. (ii) Show that the main effects and the two-factor interaction are orthogonal contrasts among the treatment
11.1 Show that for the 24 factorial the main effects and interactions represent a com- plete set of orthogonal contrasts among the 16 treatment combinations.
Analyze the data of Example 10. 15 without carry-over effects and compare the results with those of Table 10.11b.
Using the data of Example 10. 15 show numerically that differences between treatment LS means do not depend on the choice of x in "if carry='0' then carry='x'".
Suppose a txt completely orthogonalized square is replicated 7 times. Write out one possible linear model for such an error-control design and obtain the associated ANOVA table.
Write out a linear model for the error-control design using the 4 x 4 completely orthogonalized square (Section 10.6.2) and obtain the ANOVA table for this de- sign.
Extend model (10. 30) to include replicate x treatment interaction and obtain the ANOVA table for this model.
Derive expressions (10. 26) and (10. 27) for the estimated relative efficiencies of the Latin square design relative to the RCBD.
Obtain the ANOVA table for the analysis of covariance for the Latin square de- sign.
Derive the missing value formula (10. 25).
A paint company wants to compare the abilities of four (4) white house paints to withstand environmental conditions. Eight (8) square houses, each with one side facing exactly north, are available in each of three states: Florida, Michigan, and California (that is, there are 24 houses altogether).
A study is planned to investigate (a) whether four gasoline additives differ with respect to the reduction in oxides of nitrogen and (b) if such differences exist whether they depend on the makes of the cars used in the study. The investigator has selected three makes (models) of cars, Ford, Honda,
A marketing expert for a publishing house wants to measure reader preference for three different covers of the same paperback novel. She has chosen 10 cities and 3 newsstands in each city which are going to sell the novel. She wants to use one of two experimental setups described below. (a) In each
9.12 A researcher wants to do an experiment using mice as the experimental units. She comes to you for advice on how to set up the experiment. Here is the situation: She wants to compare the effects of feeding three levels of calcium, say 0, 1, 2 units, on certain bone measurements (which can be
9.10 Obtain an expression for the bias of SS(T) when the estimate of the missing value is used as if it were the real observation. [Hint: Compare SS(T) with the SS obtained from the analysis of covariance.]
9.6 In studying the effects of pollution, seedlings are usually exposed to specified pollutants for a certain period of time (say 6 hours) during the day for several weeks after which an evaluation is made. The seedlings are put in a pollution chamber which then receives the pollutant. Consider a
Research Internet sites for instances of how other organizations specify and control CIs, HWCIs, CSCIs, COTS, NDIs, and firmware.
For the contract program noted above, investigate how firmware is developed, managed, and controlled.
Contact an internal contract program. Inquire as to how items, CIs, HWCIs, CSCIs, COTS, and NDIs are implemented in the program.(a) Does the contract specify criteria for selecting CIs?(b) Correlate CIs, HWCIs, and CSCIs with the specification tree.(c) Report your findings and observations.
Research your organization’s command media. Identify what requirements are levied by the organization on programs regarding CIs, HWCIs, CSCIs, COTS, and NDIs?
Hierarchical mission-specific rooms and separate infrastructure structural, electrical, plumbing, and HVAC systems?
Hierarchical categories of rooms with embedded plumbing, electrical, HVAC, and structural components?
Is there a requirement to know the exact configuration and status of changes to it during its life cycle?
With respect to form, fit, or function, does it interface with other configuration items whose configuration is controlled by other entities?
Does it have an interface with hardware or software developed under another contract?
Does it incorporate new technologies?
Is it newly developed?
Is it readily identifiable with respect to size, shape, and weight (hardware)?
Is it a critical high risk, and/or a safety item?
What are mission-specific and infrastructure CIs?
What is a line replaceable unit (LRU)?
How do COTS items and NDIs relate to items and CIs?
How are CIs selected?
What is the relationship between items and CIs?
What is a configuration item (CI)?
What is an item?
What is a system or product configuration?
Contact an organization that provides COTS products to the marketplace. Identify issues the COTS vendor must resolve in selling their products to System Developers.
Contact several contract programs or product lines within your organization. Investigate the following questions and document your findings and observations.(a) Does the program use internal and externally supplied components?(b) If COTS/NDI products were used, how were they selected?(c) How were
Research you organizational command media guidance for guidance about component selection and development.(a) What guidance is stated regarding make, procure, procure, and modify decisions?(b) What criteria are to be applied to these decisions?(c) What guidance is provided and approval process is
Are COTS product specifications, processes, and test procedures available for review and inspection?
What certifications are the vendor willing to provide regarding the integrity of the product and its materials?
What product quality assurance processes are in place to ensure the quality of the COTS product?
What quantities are the price break thresholds?
If there is a minimum buy, is this on a per purchase basis, cumulative over the year, or cumulative over several years?
Is there a minimum buy quantity requirement for the COTS product?
Are there “other bundled” products included in the COTS product or must be procured—for a small additional cost? Do they require licenses?
If a site license is available, how is the number of users restricted (simultaneous, total population, number of available “keys,” etc.)?
Are licenses based on a per platform basis or is a site license available subject to a maximum number of “floating” users?
Does the COTS product require usage licenses—software, hardware, and export control?
What impact do third-party modifications have on the on warranty?
Is the vendor willing to modify the COTS product or do they recommend third parties?
What are acceptable System Developer modifications to the COTS product that do not void the warranty?
What actions or physical modifications by the Acquirer may invalidate or void the warranty?
Is each COTS product covered by an expressed or implied warranty? Will the vendor provide a copy?
Who pays for field service expenses?
If you purchase the COTS/NDI product, are you required to contact the vendor to perform field service on site to “remove and replace, align, and calibrate,” or can the System Developer perform this?
Does the vendor provide field service support? How responsive? What constraints (days of the week, holidays, hours, etc.)?
Are alignment and calibration procedures and data documented and available to System Developers?
Are O&M and technical manuals delivered with the COTS product, available freely online, or do you have to purchase them? If purchase, how readily available are they?
Does the COTS product have operations and support (O&S) and technical manuals?
What level of accessibility to COTS product SMEs is the vendor willing to provide?
What level of responsiveness to technical support is the vendor willing to provide (4 hours, one-week, etc.)?
What degree of 24/7 support (i.e., 24 hours per day/ 7 days per week) is the vendor willing to support the COTS product? From what country, time zone, and hours of availability;Internet on-line support and documentation; “live” support” via 800 numbers or “read what is on-line”?
Are the COTS products serialized and tracked for upgrades and recalls?
What is the quality and discipline of the COTS vendor’s quality assurance (QA) organization as well as its configuration management system and version control, assuming it exists?
Will future versions of the COTS product be forward and backward compatible with the current version being considered?
What detailed design information and “on call” support is available to support System Developer integration of the COTS product into their system or product? Are there fees required for this support?
How many undocumented and untested “features”—latent defects that can’t be or will not be corrected—remain in the COTS product?
What are their roles relative to the COTS product?
For future reference, who are the vendor’s SMEs and how long they have been with the organization and COTS product?
How STABLE is the vendor’s workforce (i.e., turnover) that develops and supports the COTS product.
What is the vendor and parent company’s commitment to the COTS product line and family?
How financially stable is the vendor and parent company?
How long will the vendor commit on paper to: 1) producing and 2) supporting the version the COTS product under consideration?
Is the customer satisfaction based on using the product in the operating environment prescribed by the vendor?
Do customer testimonials, complaints, and applications of usage correlate?
What is the degree of customer satisfaction with current COTS product and prior versions?
Is the vendor willing to provide a list of customer references to discuss their experiences with the product?
Is the COT product in alpha and beta testing? If not how long ago did this occur?
How long has this version of the COTS product been produced?
At what stage of maturity is the COTS product in its maturity cycle as well as the marketplace?
What are the current technology trends relative to the product line directions?
What organizations or industries are the primary users of the COTS product?
What is the size of the COTS product user base?
What is the heritage and maturity of the COTS product line and family?
What are the classes of criteria to be considered when selecting components from external vendors?
How are COTS items procured?
What is the source of AFP?
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