The OECD conducts the Program for International Student Assessment and in 2012 tested 510,000 15-year-old high school students in 65 countries to assess their performance in math, reading, and science. We are interested in how Canada compares to Germany and Japan.

a) What missing information do you need in order to conduct a statistical test to answer this question?

b) State the hypotheses that you would test.

c) Explain whether this is a case of paired samples.