a. State three ways in which HIV is transmitted.

The table shows statistics published by UNAIDS for four regions of the world and the global totals for HIV/AIDS in 2010.

b. Suggest three sources of data that UNAIDS may have used to compile the data in the table.

c. Explain why it is important to collect the data on the HIV/AIDS pandemic shown in the table.

d. i. For North America, the ratio of the number of people dying from AIDS to the number of people living with HIV in 2010 was 20 000 : 1.3 million or 0.015 : 1.
Calculate the ratio for sub-Saharan Africa.

ii. Suggest reasons for the difference between the ratios for North America and sub-Saharan Africa.

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Percentage of the adult Number of Number of Percentage of Number of population with young people HIV people who died (15-24) with HIV from AIDS Region people newly infected with HIV with HIV people living Eastern Europe and Central Asia Sub-Saharan Africa South and South- East Asia 0.6 (male) 0.5 (female) 1.4 (male) 3.3 (female) 0.1 (male) 0.1 (female) 0.3 (male) 0.2 (female) 0.3 (male) 0.6 (female) 160 000 1.5 million 0.9 90 000 1.9 million 22.9 million 5.0 1.2 million 270000 4.0 million 0.3 250 000 North America 58 000 1.3 million 0.6 20000 Global total 2.7 million 34.0 million 0.8 1.8 million