Using O’Connell’s correlation, estimate the overall column efficiency and the number of real stages required for the separation given in Example 11.3, when the reflux ratio is 2.0.

Data from example 11.3

Estimate the minimum number of ideal stages needed in the butane-pentane splitter defined by the compositions given in the table below. The column will operate at a pressure of 8.3 bar. Evaluate the effect of changes in reflux ratio on the number of stages required. This is an example of the application of the Erbar-Maddox method. The feed is at its boiling point. 

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Propane, C3 i-Butane, iC4 n-Butane, nC4 i-Pentane, iC5 n-Pentane, nC5 Feed (f) 5 15 25 20 35 100 Distillate (d) 5 15 24 1 0 45 Bottoms (b) 0 0 1 19 35 55 kmol