In the process of distillation, a mixture of two (or more) volatile liquids is first heated to

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In the process of distillation, a mixture of two (or more) volatile liquids is first heated to convert the volatile materials to the vapor state. Then the vapor is condensed, reforming the liquid. The net result of this liquid n vapor n liquid conversion is to enrich the fraction of a more volatile component in the mixture in the condensed vapor. We can describe how this occurs using Raoult’s law. Imagine that you have a mixture of 12% (by weight) ethanol and water (as formed, for example, by fermentation of grapes).
(a) What are the mole fractions of ethanol and water in this mixture?
(b) This mixture is heated to 78.5°C (the normal boiling point of ethanol). What are the equilibrium vapor pressures of ethanol and water at this temperature, assuming Raoult’s law (ideal) behavior? (You will need to derive the equilibrium vapor pressure of water at 78.5°C from data in Appendix G.)
(c) What are the mole fractions of ethanol and water in the vapor?
(d) After this vapor is condensed to a liquid, to what extent has the mole fraction of ethanol been enriched? What is the mass fraction of ethanol in the condensed vapor?

Data given in Appendix GTABLE 15 Temperature (C) -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

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Chemistry And Chemical Reactivity

ISBN: 9780357001172

10th Edition

Authors: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel

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