Suppose the Ethernet transmission algorithm is modified as follows:

after each successful transmission attempt, a host waits one or two slot times before attempting to transmit again and otherwise backs off the usual way.

(a) Explain why the capture effect of the previous exercise is now much less likely.

(b) Show how the strategy above can now lead to a pair of hosts capturing the Ethernet, alternating transmissions, and locking out a third.

(c) Propose an alternative approach, for example, by modifying the exponential backoff. What aspects of a station’s history might be used as parameters to the modified backoff?