For each of the following examples, determine whether this is an embedded system, explaining why or why not.

a. Are programs that understand physics and/or hardware embedded? For example, one that uses finite-element methods to predict fluid flow over airplane wings?

b. Is the internal microprocessor controlling a disk drive an example of an embedded system?

c. I/O drivers control hardware, so does the presence of an I/O driver imply that the computer executing the driver is embedded?

d. Is a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) an embedded system?

e. Is the microprocessor controlling a cell phone an embedded system?

f. Are the computers in a big phased-array radar considered embedded? These radars are 10-story buildings with one to three 100-foot diameter radiating patches on the sloped sides of the building.

g. Is a traditional flight management system (FMS) built into an airplane cockpit considered embedded?

h. Are the computers in a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulator embedded?

i. Is the computer controlling a pacemaker in a person’s chest an embedded computer?

j. Is the computer controlling fuel injection in an automobile engine embedded?