Compare and contrast the ideas of virtual memory and virtual machines. How do the goals of each compare? What are the pros and cons of each? List a few cases where virtual memory is desired, and a few cases where virtual machines are desired.

One of the biggest impediments to widespread use of virtual machines is the performance overhead incurred by running a virtual machine. The table below lists various performance parameters and application behavior.

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a. b. Base CPI 1.5 1.75 Priviliged 0/S Accesses per 10,000 Instructions 120 90 Performance Impact to Trap to the Guest O/S 15 cycles 20 cycles Performance Impact to Trap to VMM 175 cycles 140 cycles 1/0 Accesses per 10,000 Instructions 30 25 1/0 Access Time (Includes Time to Trap to Guest 0/S) 1100 cycles 1200 cycles