Questions and Answers of Concepts of Programming Languages

Explain type checking in Smalltalk.
What type checking is done in Smalltalk? When does it take place?
The designers of Java obviously thought it was not worth the additional efficiency of allowing any method to be statically bound, as is the case with C++. What are the arguments for and against the
What kind of inheritance, single or multiple, does Smalltalk support?
What is the primary reason why all Java objects have a common ancestor?
In essence, all Smalltalk variables are of a single type. What is that type?
What is the purpose of the finalize clause in Java?
In essence, all Smalltalk variables are of a single type. What is that type?
What would be gained if Java allowed stack-dynamic objects as well as heap-dynamic objects? What would be the disadvantage of having both?
From where can C++ objects be allocated?
What are the differences between a C++ abstract class and a Java interface?
How are C++ heap-allocated objects deallocated?
Compare the support for polymorphism in C++ with that of Objective-C.
Are all C++ subclasses subtypes? If so, explain. If not, why not?
Under what circumstances is a C++ method call statically bound to a method?
Critically evaluate the decision by the designers of Objective-C to use Smalltalk’s syntax for method calls, rather than the conventional syntax used by most imperative- based languages that
What drawback is there to allowing designers to specify which methods can be statically bound?
Explain why allowing a class to implement multiple interfaces in Java and C# does not create the same problems that multiple inheritance in C++ creates.
What are the differences between private and public derivations in C++?
Study and explain the issue of why C# does not include Java’s nonstatic nested classes.
What is a friend function in C++?
Can you define a reference variable for an abstract class? What use would such a variable have?
What is a pure virtual function in C++?
Compare the access controls for instance variables in Java and Ruby.
How are parameters sent to a superclass’s constructor in C++?
Compare the type error detection for instance variables in Java and Ruby.
What is the single most important practical difference between Smalltalk and C++? Does Objective-C support multiple inheritance?
Explain the downsides of reflection.
If an Objective-C method returns nothing, what return type is indicated in its header?
Does Objective-C support multiple inheritance?
Can an Objective-C class not specify a parent class in its header?
What is the root class in Objective-C?
In Objective-C, how can a method indicate that it cannot be overridden in descendant classes?
What is the purpose of an Objective-C category?
What is the purpose of an Objective-C protocol?
What is the primary use of the id type in Objective-C?
How is the type system of Java different from that of C++?
From where can Java objects be allocated?
What is boxing?
How are Java objects deallocated?
How are superclass constructors called in Java?
Under what circumstances is a Java method call statically bound to a method?
In what way do overriding methods in C# syntactically differ from their counterparts in C++?
How can the parent version of an inherited method that is overridden in a subclass be called in that subclass in C#?
Does Ruby support multiple inheritance?
What does reflection allow a program to do?
In the context of reflection, what is metadata?
What is introspection?
What is intercession?
What class in Java stores information about classes in a program?
For what is the Java name extension .class used?
What does the Java get Methods method do?
For what is the C# namespace System.Reflection.Emit used?
Explain clearly why competition synchronization is not a problem in a programming environment that supports coroutines but not concurrency.
Write an Ada task to implement general semaphores.
What are the three possible levels of concurrency in programs?
What is the best action a system can take when deadlock is detected?
Write an Ada task to manage a shared buffer such as the one in our example, but use the semaphore task from Programming Exercise 1.Data from Exercise 1:Write an Ada task to implement general
Describe the logical architecture of an SIMD computer.
Busy waiting is a method whereby a task waits for a given event by continuously checking for that event to occur. What is the main problem with this approach?
Define semaphores in Ada and use them to provide both cooperation and competition synchronization in the shared-buffer example.
Describe the logical architecture of an MIMD computer.
In the producer-consumer example of Section 13.3, suppose that we incorrectly replaced the release(access) in the consumer process with wait(access). What would be the result of this error on
Write Programming Exercise 3 using Java.Data From Exercise 3:Define semaphores in Ada and use them to provide both cooperation and competition synchronization in the shared-buffer example.
What level of program concurrency is best supported by SIMD computers?
From a book on assembly language programming for a computer that uses an Intel Pentium processor, determine what instructions are provided to support the construction of semaphores.
Write the shared-buffer example of the chapter in C#.
What level of program concurrency is best supported by MIMD computers?
Suppose two tasks, A and B, must use the shared variable Buf_Size. Task A adds 2 to Buf_Size, and task B subtracts 1 from it. Assume that such arithmetic operations are done by the three-step process
The reader-writer problem can be stated as follows: A shared memory location can be concurrently read by any number of tasks, but when a task must write to the shared memory location, it must have
Describe the logical architecture of a vector processor.
Compare the Java competition synchronization mechanism with that of Ada.
What is the difference between physical and logical concurrency?
Compare the Java cooperation synchronization mechanism with that of Ada.
Write Programming Exercise 6 using C#.Data from Exercise 6:The reader-writer problem can be stated as follows: A shared memory location can be concurrently read by any number of tasks, but when a
What is a thread of control in a program?
What happens if a monitor procedure calls another procedure in the same monitor?
Why are coroutines called quasi-concurrent?
Explain the relative safety of cooperation synchronization using semaphores and using Ada’s when clauses in tasks.
What is a multithreaded program?
What are four reasons for studying language support for concurrency?
What is a heavyweight task? What is a lightweight task?
Define task, synchronization, competition and cooperation synchronization, liveness, race condition, and deadlock.
What kind of tasks do not require any kind of synchronization?
Describe the five different states in which a task can be.
What is a task descriptor?
In the context of language support for concurrency, what is a guard?
What is the purpose of a task-ready queue?
Describe the actions of the wait and release operations for semaphores.
What is a binary semaphore? What is a counting semaphore?
What advantage do monitors have over semaphores?
In what three common languages can monitors be implemented?
Define exception, exception handler, raising an exception, continuation, finalization, and built-in exception.
Write a Java program that inputs a list of integer values in the range of -100 to 100 from the keyboard and computes the sum of the squares of the input values. This program must use exception
Write a Scheme function that takes a list as a parameter and returns a list identical to the parameter list except with the second top-level element removed. If the given list does not have two
Define rendezvous, accept clause, entry clause, actor task, server task, extended accept clause, open accept clause, closed accept clause, and completed task.
Which is more general, concurrency through monitors or concurrency through message passing?
Are Ada tasks created statically or dynamically?
What purpose does an extended accept clause serve?
How is cooperation synchronization provided for Ada tasks?

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