Questions and Answers of Concepts of Programming Languages

What is the advantage of protected objects in Ada 95 over tasks for providing access to shared data objects?
Specifically, what Java program unit can run concurrently with the main method in an application program?
Are Java threads lightweight or heavyweight tasks?
What does the Java sleep method do?
What does the Java yield method do?
What does the Java join method do?
What does the Java interrupt method do?
What are the two Java constructs that can be declared to be synchronized?
How can the priority of a thread be set in Java?
Can Java threads be actor threads, server threads, or either?
Describe the actions of the three Java methods that are used to support cooperation synchronization.
What kind of Java object is a monitor?
Explain why Java includes the Runnable interface.
What are the two methods used with Java Semaphore objects?
What is the advantage of the nonblocking synchronization in Java?
What are the methods of the Java Atomic Integer class and what is the purpose of this class?
How are explicit locks supported in Java?
What kinds of methods can be run in a C# thread?
Can C# threads be actor threads, server threads, or either?
What are the two ways a C# thread can be called synchronously?
How can a C# thread be called asynchronously?
How is the returned value from an asynchronously called thread retrieved in C#?
What is different about C#’s Sleep method, relative to Java’s sleep?
What exactly does C#’s Abort method do?
What is the purpose of C#’s Interlocked class?
What does the C# lock statement do?
On what language is Multi-LISP based?
What is the semantics of Multi-LISP’s pcall construct?
How is a thread created in CML?
What is the type of an F# heap-allocated mutable variable?
Why don’t F# immutable variables require synchronized access in a multithreaded program?
What is the objective of the specification statements of HPF?
What is the purpose of the FORALL statement of HPF and Fortran?
Suppose you are writing a C++ function that has three alternative approaches for accomplishing its requirements. Write a skeletal version of this function so that if the first alternative raises any
What did the designers of C get in return for not requiring subscript range checking?
What are the two alternatives for designing continuation?
Describe three approaches to exception handling in languages that do not provide direct support for it.
Write a C++ program for the specification of Programming Exercise 2.Data From Programming Exercise 2:Write a Java program that inputs a list of integer values in the range of-100 to 100 from the
What are the advantages of having support for exception handling built in to a language?
From textbooks on the PL/I and Ada programming languages, look up the respective sets of built-in exceptions. Do a comparative evaluation of the two, considering both completeness and flexibility.
What are the design issues for exception handling?
From a textbook on COBOL, determine how exception handling is done in COBOL programs.
What does it mean for an exception to be bound to an exception handler?
In languages without exception-handling facilities, it is common to have most subprograms include an “error” parameter, which can be set to some value representing “OK” or some other value
What is the name of all C++ exception handlers?
In a language without exception-handling facilities, we could send an error-handling procedure as a parameter to each procedure that can detect errors that must be handled. What disadvantages are
How can exceptions be explicitly raised in C++?
Compare the methods suggested in Problems 5 and 6. Which do you think is better and why?Data From Problem 5:In languages without exception-handling facilities, it is common to have most subprograms
How are exceptions bound to handlers in C++?
Write a comparative analysis of the throw clause of C++ and the throws clause of Java.
How can an exception handler be written in C++ so that it handles any exception?
Consider the following C++ skeletal program:In each of the four throw statements, where is the exception handled? class Big { int i; float f; void funl () throw 1nt { try { throw i; throw f; catch
Where does execution control go when a C++ exception handler has completed its execution?
Write a detailed comparison of the exception-handling capabilities of C++ and those of Java.
Does C++ include built-in exceptions?
With the help of a book on ML, write a detailed comparison of the exception-handling capabilities of ML and those of Java.
Why is the raising of an exception in C++ not called raise?
Summarize the arguments in favor of the termination and resumption models of continuation.
What is the root class of all Java exception classes?
What is the parent class of most Java user-defined exception classes?
How can an exception handler be written in Java so that it handles any exception?
What are the differences between a C++ throw specification and a Java throws clause?
What is the difference between checked and unchecked exceptions in Java?
How can an exception handler be written in Java so that it handles any exception?
What is the purpose of the Java finally clause?
What advantage do language-defined assertions have over simple if-write constructs?
Explain what an else block in Python does.
What is the purpose of an as clause in Python?
Explain what an assert statement in Python does.
What does the message method of Ruby’s StandardError class do?
What exactly happens when a raise statement with a string parameter is executed?
What exactly does a Ruby ensure clause do?
In what ways are exception handling and event handling related?
Define event and event handler.
What is event-driven programming?
What is the purpose of a Java JFrame?
What is the purpose of a Java JPanel?
What object is often used as the event listener in Java GUI applications?
What is the origin of the protocol for an event handler in Java?
What method is used to register an event handler in Java?
Using .NET’s Windows Forms, what namespace is required to build a GUI for a C# application?
How is a component positioned in a form using Windows Forms?
What is the protocol of a .NET event handler?
What class of object must be created to register a .NET event handler?
What role do delegates play in the process of registering event handlers?
Define functional form, simple list, bound variable, and referential transparency.
Read John Backus’s paper on FP (Backus, 1978) and compare the features of Scheme discussed in this chapter with the corresponding features of FP.
Write a Scheme function that computes the volume of a sphere, given its radius.
What does a lambda expression specify?
Find definitions of the Scheme functions EVAL and APPLY, and explain their actions.
Write a Scheme function that computes the real roots of a given quadratic equation. If the roots are complex, the function must display a message indicating that. This function must use an IF
What data types were parts of the original Lisp?
One of the most modern and complete programming environments is the INTERLISP system for Lisp, as described in “The INTERLISP Programming Environment,” by Teitelmen and Masinter (IEEE Computer,
Repeat Programming Exercise 2 using a COND function, rather than an IF function.Data From Exercise 2:Write a Scheme function that computes the real roots of a given quadratic equation. If the roots
In what common data structure are Lisp lists normally stored?
Refer to a book on Lisp programming and determine what arguments support the inclusion of the PROG feature in Lisp.
Write a Scheme function that takes two numeric parameters, A and B, and returns A raised to the B power.
Explain why QUOTE is needed for a parameter that is a data list.
Find at least one example of a typed functional programming language being used to build a commercial system in each of the following areas: database processing, financial modeling, statistical
Write a Scheme function that returns the number of zeros in a given simple list of numbers.

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