Questions and Answers of Fundamentals Of Database Systems

Describe the rules of inheritance in SQL 2008.
In the traditional relational model, creating a table defined both the table type (schema or attributes) and the table itself (extension or set of current tuples). How can these two concepts be
Discuss how each of the following features is realized in SQL 2008: object identifier, type inheritance, encapsulation of operations, and complex object structures.
Discuss the concept of polymorphism/operator overloading.
How do regular inheritance, multiple inheritance, and selective inheritance differ?
What is the difference between persistent and transient objects? How is persistence handled in typical OO database systems?
Specify queries a, b, c, e, f, i, and j of Exercise 8.16 in both tuple and domain relational calculus.Exercise 8.16Specify the following queries on the COMPANY relational database schema shown in
Specify queries a, b, c, and d of Exercise 8.17 in both tuple and domain relational calculus.Exercise 8.17Consider the AIRLINE relational database schema shown in Figure 5.8, which was described in
Specify queries c, d, and f of Exercise 8.18 in both tuple and domain relational calculus.Exercise 8.18Consider the LIBRARY relational database schema shown in Figure 8.14, which is used to keep
In a tuple relational calculus query with n tuple variables, what would be the typical minimum number of join conditions? Why? What is the effect of having a smaller number of join conditions?
Consider this query: Retrieve the Ssns of employees who work on at least those projects on which the employee with Ssn=123456789 works. This may be stated as (FORALL x) (IF P THEN Q), where■ x is a
A nested query is a query within a query. More specifically, a nested query is a parenthesized query whose result can be used as a value in a number of places, such as instead of a relation. Specify
State whether the following conclusions are true or false:a. NOT (P(x) OR Q(x)) → (NOT (P(x)) AND (NOT (Q(x)))b. NOT (∃x) (P(x)) → ∀ x (NOT (P(x))c. (∃x) (P(x)) → ∀ x ((P(x))
Specify and execute the following queries in relational algebra (RA) using the RA interpreter on the COMPANY database schema in Figure 5.5.a. List the names of all employees in department 5 who work
Consider a database that consists of the following relations.SUPPLIER(Sno, Sname)PART(Pno, Pname)PROJECT(Jno, Jname)SUPPLY(Sno, Pno, Jno)The database records information about suppliers, parts, and
Specify and execute the following queries for the database in Exercise 5.16 using the RA interpreter.a. Retrieve the names of students who have enrolled in a course that uses a textbook published by
(a) Discuss the correspondences between the ER model constructs and the relational model constructs. Show how each ER model construct can be mapped to the relational model and discuss any alternative
Map the UNIVERSITY database schema shown in Figure 3.20 into a relational database schema.Figure 3.20 Coffice Rank 1Office CName CPhone ld IName IPhone COLLEGE DEAN INSTRUCTOR (1,1) (0,1) (0,N)
Map the BANK ER schema of Exercise 3.23 (shown in Figure 3.21) into a relational schema. Specify all primary keys and foreign keys. Repeat for the AIRLINE schema (Figure 3.20) of Exercise 3.19 and
Map the EER diagrams in Figures 4.9 and 4.12 into relational schemas. Justify your choice of mapping options.Figures 4.9Figure 4.12 Salary Shift Model Capacity Weight M. WORKS ON N EMPLOYEE N
Is it possible to successfully map a binary M:N relationship type without requiring a new relation? Why or why not?
Using the attributes you provided for the EER diagram in Exercise 4.27, map the complete schema into a set of relations. Choose an appropriate option out of 8A thru 8D from Section 9.2.1 in doing the
Consider the ER design for the MAIL_ORDER database that was modeled using a tool like ERwin or Rational Rose in Laboratory Exercise 3.32. Using the SQL schema generation feature of the modeling tool,
Consider the EER design for the GRADE_BOOK database that was modeled using a tool like ERwin or Rational Rose in Laboratory Exercise 4.28. Usingthe SQL schema generation feature of the modeling tool,
Consider the EER design for the ONLINE_AUCTION database that was modeled using a tool like ERwin or Rational Rose in Laboratory Exercise 4.29. Using the SQL schema generation feature of the modeling
What is ODBC? How is it related to SQL/CLI?
What is JDBC? Is it an example of embedded SQL or of using function calls?
What is the impedance mismatch problem? Which of the three programming approaches minimizes this problem?
Describe the concept of a cursor and how it is used in embedded SQL.
What is SQLJ used for? Describe the two types of iterators available in SQLJ.
Consider the database shown in Figure 1.2, whose schema is shown in Figure 2.1. Write a program segment to read a student’s name and print his or her grade point average, assuming that A = 4, B =
Repeat Exercise 10.7, but use SQLJ with Java as the host language.Consider the database shown in Figure 1.2, whose schema is shown in Figure 2.1. Write a program segment to read a student’s name
Consider the library relational database schema in Figure 6.6. Write a program segment that retrieves the list of books that became overdue yesterday and that prints the book title and borrower name
Repeat Exercise 10.9, but use SQLJ with Java as the host language.Consider the library relational database schema in Figure 6.6. Write a program segment that retrieves the list of books that became
Repeat Exercises 10.7 and 10.9, but use SQL/CLI with C as the host language.Exercise 10.7Consider the database shown in Figure 1.2, whose schema is shown in Figure 2.1. Write a program segment to
Repeat Exercises 10.7 and 10.9, but use JDBC with Java as the host language.Exercise 10.7Consider the database shown in Figure 1.2, whose schema is shown in Figure 2.1. Write a program segment to
Create a function in PSM that computes the median salary for the EMPLOYEE table shown in Figure 5.5.Figure 5.5 EMPLOYEE Fname Minit Lname Ssn Sex Salary Super_ssn Dno Bdate Address DEPARTMENT Dname
Repeat Exercise 10.7, but write a function in SQL/PSM.Exercise 10.7Consider the database shown in Figure 1.2, whose schema is shown in Figure 2.1. Write a program segment to read a student’s name
Why are scripting languages popular for programming Web applications? Where in the three-tier architecture does a PHP program execute? Where does a JavaScript program execute?
What type of programming language is PHP?
Discuss the different ways of specifying strings in PHP.
Discuss the different types of arrays in PHP.
What are PHP auto-global variables? Give some examples of PHP autoglobal arrays, and discuss how each is typically used.
What is PEAR? What is PEAR DB?
Discuss the main functions for accessing a database in PEAR DB, and how each is used.
Discuss the different ways for looping over a query result in PHP.
What are the origins of the object-oriented approach?
Discuss the various type constructors. How are they used to create complex object structures?
Write a PHP program that creates Web forms for entering the information about a new BORROWER entity. Repeat for a new BOOK entity.
Discuss the concept of encapsulation, and tell how it is used to create abstract data types.
What is the relationship between a type and its subtype in a type hierarchy? What is the constraint that is enforced on extents corresponding to types in the type hierarchy?
Discuss the main categories of data models. What are the basic differences among the relational model, the object model, and the XML model?
Describe the three-schema architecture. Why do we need mappings among schema levels? How do different schema definition languages support this architecture?
What is the difference between logical data independence and physical data independence? Which one is harder to achieve? Why?
Discuss the different types of user-friendly interfaces and the types of users who typically use each.
With what other computer system software does a DBMS interact?
What is the difference between the two-tier and three-tier client/server architectures?
What is the additional functionality incorporated in n-tier architecture (n > 3)?
List the various cases where use of a NULL value would be appropriate.
Define the following terms: entity, attribute, attribute value, relationship instance, composite attribute, multivalued attribute, derived attribute, complex attribute, key attribute, and value set
Explain the difference between an attribute and a value set.
What is a relationship type? Explain the differences among a relationship instance, a relationship type, and a relationship set.
What is a participation role? When is it necessary to use role names in the description of relationship types?
Describe the two alternatives for specifying structural constraints on relationship types. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
Under what conditions can an attribute of a binary relationship type be migrated to become an attribute of one of the participating entity types?
When is the concept of a weak entity used in data modeling? Define the terms owner entity type, weak entity type, identifying relationship type, and partial key.
Design an ER schema for keeping track of information about votes taken in the U.S. House of Representatives during the current two-year congressional session. The database needs to keep track of each
Consider the ER diagram shown in Figure 3.22 for part of a BANK database. Each bank can have multiple branches, and each branch can have multiple accounts and loans.a. List the strong (nonweak)
Consider the ER diagram in Figure 3.23. Assume that an employee may work in up to two departments or may not be assigned to any department. Assume that each department must have one and may have up
Consider the ER schema for the MOVIES database in Figure 3.25. Assume that MOVIES is a populated database. ACTOR is used as a generic term and includes actresses. Given the constraints shown in the
Given the ER schema for the MOVIES database in Figure 3.25, draw an instance diagram using three movies that have been released recently. Draw instances of each entity type: MOVIES, ACTORS,
Consider a MAIL_ORDER database in which employees take orders for parts from customers. The data requirements are summarized as follows:■ The mail order company has employees, each identified by a
Consider the ER diagram for the AIRLINE database shown in Figure 3.21. Build this design using a data modeling tool such as ERwin or Rational Rose.Figure 3.21 Airport_code City State Name DEPARTURE_
Define the following terms: superclass of a subclass, superclass/subclass relationship, IS-A relationship, specialization, generalization, category, specific (local) attributes, and specific
Discuss the mechanism of attribute/relationship inheritance. Why is it useful?
Discuss user-defined and attribute-defined specializations, and identify the differences between the two.
Discuss user-defined and predicate-defined subclasses, and identify the differences between the two.
How does a category differ from a regular shared subclass? What is a category used for? Illustrate your answer with examples.
Discuss the main differences between the notation for EER schema diagrams and UML class diagrams by comparing how common concepts are represented in each.
Discuss the two main types of constraints on specializations and generalizations.
List the various data abstraction concepts and the corresponding modeling concepts in the EER model.
What are the main similarities and differences between conceptual database modeling techniques and knowledge representation techniques?
What aggregation feature is missing from the EER model? How can the EER model be further enhanced to support it?
Discuss the similarities and differences between an ontology and a database schema.
Consider the BANK ER schema in Figure 3.21, and suppose that it is necessary to keep track of different types of ACCOUNTS (SAVINGS_ACCTS, CHECKING_ACCTS, … ) and LOANS (CAR_LOANS, HOME_LOANS, …
Figure 4.12 shows an example of an EER diagram for a small-private-airport database; the database is used to keep track of airplanes, their owners, airport employees, and pilots. From the
Show how the UNIVERSITY EER schema in Figure 4.9 may be represented in UML notation.Figure 4.9 Fname Minit Lname San Bdate Sex No Street Apt_no City State Zip Name PERSON Address Fphone Salary Class
Consider the entity sets and attributes shown in the following table. Place a checkmark in one column in each row to indicate the relationship between the far left and far right columns.a. The left
Draw a UML diagram for storing a played game of chess in a database. You may look at http://www.chessgames.com for an application similar to what you are designing. State clearly any assumptions you
Draw an EER diagram for a game of chess as described in Exercise 4. 24. Focus on persistent storage aspects of the system. For example, the system would need to retrieve all the moves of every game
Consider a GRADE_BOOK database in which instructors within an academic department record points earned by individual students in their classes. The data requirements are summarized as follows:■
Consider a database system for a baseball organization such as the major leagues. The data requirements are summarized as follows:■ The personnel involved in the league include players, coaches,
Consider the EER diagram for the UNIVERSITY database shown in Figure 4.9. Enter this design using a data modeling tool such as ERwin or Rational Rose. Make a list of the differences in notation
Consider the EER diagram for the small AIRPORT database shown in Figure 4.12. Build this design using a data modeling tool such as ERwin or Rational Rose. Be careful how you model the category OWNER
Define the following terms as they apply to the relational model of data: domain, attribute, n-tuple, relation schema, relation state, degree of a relation, relational database schema, and relational
Consider the ER diagram in Figure 3.21, which shows a simplified schema for an airline reservations system. Extract from the ER diagram the requirements and constraints that produced this schema. Try
Consider Figure 1.2.a. If the name of the ‘CS’ (Computer Science) Department changes to ‘CSSE’ (Computer Science and Software Engineering) Department and the corresponding prefix for the
Define the following terms: data model, database schema, database state, internal schema, conceptual schema, external schema, data independence, DDL, DML, SDL, VDL, query language, host language,
Define the following terms: data, database, DBMS, database system, database catalog, program-data independence, user view, DBA, end user, canned transaction, deductive database system, persistent
Discuss the main characteristics of the database approach and how it differs from traditional file systems.

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