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computer science
introduction to software engineering
Software Engineering A Practitioner's Approach 7th Edition Roger Pressman - Solutions
7.15. How does the navigation model differ from the interaction model?
How do I ensure that I’ve done it right?
The design must implement all of the explicit requirements contained in the requirements model, and it must accommodate all of the implicit requirements desired by stakeholders.
The design must be a readable, understandable guide for those who generate code and for those who test and subsequently support the software.
The design should provide a complete picture of the software, addressing the data, functional, and behavioral domains from an implementation perspective.
1. A design should exhibit an architecture that (1) has been created using recognizable architectural styles or patterns, (2) is composed of components that exhibit good design characteristics (these are discussed later in this chapter), and (3) can be implemented in an evolutionary fashion,2
2. A design should be modular; that is, the software should be logically partitioned into elements or subsystems.
3. A design should contain distinct representations of data, architecture, interfaces, and components.
4. A design should lead to data structures that are appropriate for the classes to be implemented and are drawn from recognizable data patterns.
5. A design should lead to components that exhibit independent functional characteristics.
6. A design should lead to interfaces that reduce the complexity of connections between components and with the external environment.
7. A design should be derived using a repeatable method that is driven by information obtained during software requirements analysis.
Is the user aware of the state of the system? Does the user know where she is at all times?
3. Depict each interface state as it will actually look to the end user.
Are different types of data assigned to consistent geographic locations on the screen (e.g., photos always appear in the upper right-hand corner)?
11.6. Perform a detailed task analysis for any one of the systems listed in Problem 11.5 Use either an elaborative or object-oriented approach.
11.7. Add at least five additional questions to the list developed for content analysis in Section 11.3.3.
11.8. Continuing Problem 11.5, define interface objects and actions for the application you have chosen. Identify each object type.
11.9. Develop a set of screen layouts with a definition of major and minor menu items for the system you chose in Problem 11.5.
11.10. Develop a set of screen layouts with a definition of major and minor menu items for the SafeHome system. You may elect to take a different approach than the one shown for the screen layout in Figure 11.3.
11.11. Describe your approach to user help facilities for the task analysis design model and task analysis you have performed as part of Problems 11.5 through 11.8.
11.12. Provide a few examples that illustrate why response time variability can be an issue.
11.13. Develop an approach that would automatically integrate error messages and a user help facility. That is, the system would automatically recognize the error type and provide a help window with suggestions for correcting it. Perform a reasonably complete software design that considers
11.14. Develop an interface evaluation questionnaire that contains 20 generic questions that would apply to most interfaces. Have 10 classmates complete the questionnaire for an interactive system that you all use. Summarize the results and report them to your class.
11.5. Consider one of the following interactive applications (or an application assigned by your instructor):a. A desktop publishing systemb. A computer-aided design systemc. An interior design system (as described in Section 11.3.2)d. An automated course registration system for a universitye. A
11.4. Develop two additional design principles that “make the interface consistent.”
11.3. Develop two additional design principles that “reduce the user’s memory load.”
4. Indicate how the user interprets the state of the system from information provided through the interface.
Will every menu option have a corresponding command?
What form will commands take? Options include a control sequence (e.g., alt-P), function keys, or a typed word.
How difficult will it be to learn and remember the commands? What can be done if a command is forgotten?
Can commands be customized or abbreviated by the user?
Are menu labels self-explanatory within the context of the interface?
Are submenus consistent with the function implied by a master menu item?
11.1. Describe the worst interface that you have ever worked with and critique it relative to the concepts introduced in this chapter. Describe the best interface that you have ever worked with and critique it relative to the concepts introduced in this chapter.
11.2. Develop two additional design principles that “place the user in control.”
6.10. What is an analysis package and how might it be used?
6.9. Conduct a review of the CRC index cards with your colleagues. How many additional classes, responsibilities, and collaborators were added as a consequence of the review?
6.8. Develop a complete set of CRC model index cards on the product or system you chose as part of Problem 6.5.
6.7. Write a template-based use case for the SafeHome home management system described informally in the sidebar following Section 6.5.4.
6.6. The department of public works for a large city has decided to develop a Web-based pothole tracking and repair system (PHTRS). A description follows:Citizens can log onto a website and report the location and severity of potholes. As potholes are reported they are logged within a “public
6.5. You have been asked to build one of the following systems:a. a network-based course registration system for your university.b. a Web-based order-processing system for a computer store.c. a simple invoicing system for a small business.d. an Internet-based cookbook that is built into an electric
6.4. Is it possible to develop an effective analysis model without developing all four elements shown in Figure 6.3? Explain.
6.3. What is the purpose of domain analysis? How is it related to the concept of requirements patterns?
6.2. An analysis rule of thumb is that the model “should focus on requirements that are visible within the problem or business domain.” What types of requirements are not visible in these domains? Provide a few examples.
4. Will we develop a capability to provide video at a higher frames-per-second rate when highbandwidth connections are available?
3. Will system response via the Internet be acceptable given the bandwidth required for camera views?
2. Is security sufficient? Hacking into this feature would represent a major invasion of privacy.
1. What mechanisms protect unauthorized use of this capability by employees of SafeHome Products?
Is it possible that the actor will encounter some other behavior at this point (e.g., behavior that is invoked by some event outside the actor’s control)? If so, what might it be?
Is it possible that the actor will encounter some error condition at this point? If so, what might it be?
Can the actor take some other action at this point?
11. The system displays video output within the viewing window at one frame per second.
10. The system displays a viewing window that is identified by the camera ID.
9. The homeowner selects the “view” button.
8. The homeowner selects a camera icon from the floor plan.
7. The system displays the floor plan of the house.
6. The homeowner selects “pick a camera.”
5. The homeowner selects the “surveillance” from the major function buttons.
4. The system displays all major function buttons.
3. The homeowner enters two passwords (each at least eight characters in length).
2. The homeowner enters his or her user ID.
1. The homeowner logs onto the SafeHome Products website.
1. What is it?
2. Who does it?
3. Why is it important?
The software must be adapted to meet the needs of new computing environments or technology.
The software must be enhanced to implement new business requirements.
The software must be extended to make it interoperable with other more modern systems or databases.
The software must be re-architected to make it viable within a network environment.
Manner in which quality assurance activities are applied
Manner in which project tracking and control activities are applied
Overall degree of detail and rigor with which the process is described
Degree to which the customer and other stakeholders are involved with the project
Level of autonomy given to the software team
Degree to which team organization and roles are prescribed?
1.1. Provide at least five additional examples of how the law of unintended consequences applies to computer software.
1.2. Provide a number of examples (both positive and negative) that indicate the impact of software on our society.
1.3. Develop your own answers to the five questions asked at the beginning of Section 1.1.Discuss them with your fellow students.
1.4. Many modern applications change frequently—before they are presented to the end user and then after the first version has been put into use. Suggest a few ways to build software to stop deterioration due to change.
1.5. Consider the seven software categories presented in Section 1.1.2. Do you think that the same approach to software engineering can be applied for each? Explain your answer.
1.6. Figure 1.3 places the three software engineering layers on top of a layer entitled “a quality focus.” This implies an organizational quality program such as total quality management. Do a bit of research and develop an outline of the key tenets of a total quality management program.
1.8. As software becomes more pervasive, risks to the public (due to faulty programs) become an increasingly significant concern. Develop a doomsday but realistic scenario in which the failure of a computer program could do great harm (either economic or human).
1.9. Describe a process framework in your own words. When we say that framework activities are applicable to all projects, does this mean that the same work tasks are applied for all projects, regardless of size and complexity? Explain.
1.10. Umbrella activities occur throughout the software process. Do you think they are applied evenly across the process, or are some concentrated in one or more framework activities.
1.11. Add two additional myths to the list presented in Section 1.6. Also state the reality that accompanies the myth.
What is a software process?
What are the generic framework activities that are present in every software process?
How are processes modeled and what are process patterns?
What are the prescriptive process models and what are their strengths and weaknesses?
Why is agility a watchword in modern software engineering work?
What is agile software development and how does it differ from more traditional process models?
How do I ensure that I’ve done it right?
What is the work product?
1. Make a list of stakeholders for the project.
2. Interview each stakeholder separately to determine overall wants and needs.
3. Build a preliminary list of functions and features based on stakeholder input.
4. Schedule a series of facilitated application specification meetings.
5. Conduct meetings.
6. Produce informal user scenarios as part of each meeting.
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