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computer science
introduction to software engineering
Software Engineering A Practitioner's Approach 7th Edition Roger Pressman - Solutions
Degree of sociability (communication) required for the project?1. A closed paradigm structures a team along a traditional hierarchy of authority.Such teams can work well when producing software that is quite similar to past efforts, but they will be less likely to be innovative when working within
Rigidity of the delivery date
Required quality and reliability of the system to be built
Degree to which the problem can be modularized
Time that the team will stay together (team lifetime)
“Size” of the resultant program(s) in lines of code or function points
Difficulty of the problem to be solved
Why are maintenance and reengineering so important for both software engineering managers and practitioners?1. Senior managers who define the business issues that often have a significant influence on the project.2. Project (technical) managers who must plan, motivate, organize, and control the
How is a project schedule created?
How does a software project manager select a set of software engineering work tasks?
What techniques can be used to assess the risks that can have an impact on project success?
How does a software team generate reliable estimates of effort, cost, and project duration?
How can software metrics be used to manage a software project and the software process?
How must people, process, and problem be managed during a software project?
23.9. A legacy system has 940 modules. The latest release required that 90 of these modules be changed. In addition, 40 new modules were added and 12 old modules were removed.Compute the software maturity index for the system.
23.8. Develop a small software tool that will perform a Halstead analysis on programming language source code of your choosing.
23.7. Develop a software tool that will compute cyclomatic complexity for a programming language module. You may choose the language.
23.6. A class X has 12 operations. Cyclomatic complexity has been computed for all operations in the OO system, and the average value of module complexity is 4. For class X, the complexity for operations 1 to 12 is 5, 4, 3, 3, 6, 8, 2, 2, 5, 5, 4, 4, respectively. Compute the weighted methods per
23.5. A major information system has 1140 modules. There are 96 modules that perform control and coordination functions and 490 modules whose function depends on prior processing.The system processes approximately 220 data objects that each have an average of three attributes. There are 140 unique
23.4. Software for System X has 24 individual functional requirements and 14 nonfunctional requirements. What is the specificity of the requirements? The completeness?
23.3. A system has 12 external inputs, 24 external outputs, fields 30 different external queries, manages 4 internal logical files, and interfaces with 6 different legacy systems (6 EIFs). All of these data are of average complexity and the overall system is relatively simple. Compute FP for the
23.2. Why is it that a single, all-encompassing metric cannot be developed for program complexity or program quality? Try to come up with a measure or metric from everyday life that violates the attributes of effective software metrics defined in Section 23.1.5.
23.1. Measurement theory is an advanced topic that has a strong bearing on software metrics.Using [Zus97], [Fen91], [Zus90], or Web-based sources, write a brief paper that outlines the main tenets of measurement theory. Individual project: Develop a presentation on the subject and present it to
Are components designed in a manner that reduces procedural complexity and enhances correctness, reliability, and performance?
Has the WebApp architecture been designed to accommodate the special goals and objectives of WebApp users, the structure of content and functionality, and the flow of navigation required to use the system effectively?
Is navigation efficient and straightforward?
Is the content designed in a manner that imparts the most information with the least effort?
Are the aesthetics of the WebApp appropriate for the application domain and pleasing to the user?
Does the user interface promote usability?
14. Is the application designed to facilitate change and ease of use by the user?
13. Is the system designed for multiple installations in different organizations?
12. Are conversion and installation included in the design?
11. Is the code designed to be reusable?
10. Is the internal processing complex?
9. Are the inputs, outputs, files, or inquiries complex?
8. Are the ILFs updated online?
7. Does the online data entry require the input transaction to be built over multiple screens or operations?
6. Does the system require online data entry?
5. Will the system run in an existing, heavily utilized operational environment?
4. Is performance critical?
3. Are there distributed processing functions?
2. Are specialized data communications required to transfer information to or from the application?
1. Does the system require reliable backup and recovery?
Feedback. Recommendations derived from the interpretation of product metrics transmitted to the software team.
Interpretation. The evaluation of metrics resulting in insight into the quality of the representation.
Analysis. The computation of metrics and the application of mathematical tools.
Collection. The mechanism used to accumulate data required to derive the formulated metrics.
Formulation. The derivation of software measures and metrics appropriate for the representation of the software that is being considered.
22.12. What is content management? Use the Web to research the features of a content management tool and provide a brief summary.
22.11. Briefly describe the differences between SCM for conventional software and SCM for WebApps.
22.10. What is the difference between an SCM audit and a technical review? Can their function be folded into one review? What are the pros and cons?
22.9. Develop a checklist for use during configuration audits.
22.8. Research an existing SCM tool and describe how it implements the mechanics of version control. Alternatively, read two or three papers on SCM and describe the different data structures and referencing mechanisms that are used for version control.
22.7. The relations and represent simple relationships between configuration objects. Describe five additional relationships that might be useful in the context of an SCM repository.
22.6. Research an existing SCM tool and describe how it implements control for versions, variants, and configuration objects in general.
22.5. Design a project database (repository) system that would enable a software engineer to store, cross reference, trace, update, and change all important software configuration items.How would the database handle different versions of the same program? Would source code be handled differently
22.4. Assume that you’re the manager of a small project. What baselines would you define for the project and how would you control them?
22.3. Discuss the reasons for baselines in your own words.
22.2. What are the four elements that exist when an effective SCM system is implemented?Discuss each briefly.
22.1. Why is the First Law of System Engineering true? Provide specific examples for each of the four fundamental reasons for change.
Who assumes the cost of change?
Who is responsible for making changes?
Who ensures that quality control processes have been followed before information is published to the site?
Who assumes responsibility for the accuracy of the information on the website?
6. Have all related SCIs been properly updated?
5. Have SCM procedures for noting the change, recording it, and reporting it been followed?
4. Has the change been “highlighted” in the SCI? Have the change date and change author been specified? Do the attributes of the configuration object reflect the change?
3. Has the software process been followed and have software engineering standards been properly applied?
2. Has a technical review been conducted to assess technical correctness?
1. Has the change specified in the ECO been made? Have any additional modifications been incorporated?
What mechanism is used to apprise others of changes that are made?
How can we ensure that changes have been made properly?
Who has responsibility for approving and ranking requested changes?
How does an organization control changes before and after software is released to a customer?
How does an organization manage the many existing versions of a program(and its documentation) in a manner that will enable change to be accommodated efficiently?
How does a software team identify the discrete elements of a software configuration?
Budgetary or scheduling constraints cause a redefinition of the system or product.
Reorganization or business growth/downsizing causes changes in project priorities or software engineering team structure.
New stakeholder needs demand modification of data produced by information systems, functionality delivered by products, or services delivered by a computer-based system.
New business or market conditions dictate changes in product requirements or business rules.
How do I ensure that I’ve done it right?
21.12. Using one or more of the information sources noted in the references to this chapter or Further Readings and Information Sources, develop a half-hour presentation on the basic syntax and semantics of a formal specification language other than OCL or Z.
21.11. Using the OCL or Z notation presented in Table 21.1 or 21.2, select some part of the SafeHome security system described earlier in this book and attempt to specify it with OCL or Z.
21.10. You have been assigned to a software team that is developing software, called MemoryDoubler, that provides greater apparent memory for a PC than physical memory. This is accomplished by identifying, collecting, and reassigning blocks of memory that have been assigned to an existing
21.9. You have been assigned to a team that is developing software for a fax modem. Your job is to develop the “phone book” portion of the application. The phone book function enables up to MaxNames people to be stored along with associated company names, fax numbers, and other related
21.8. In your own words, describe the intent of certification in the cleanroom software engineering context.
21.7. For the program stimuli and probability distribution table developed in Problem 21.6, use a random-number generator to develop a set of test cases for use in statistical use testing.
21.6. Select a program that you use regularly (e.g., an e-mail handler, a word processor, a spreadsheet program). Create a set of usage scenarios for the program. Define the probability of
21.5. Document a correctness verification proof for the bubble sort discussed in Problem 21.4.
21.4. A bubble-sort algorithm is defined in the following manner:procedure bubblesort;var i, t, integer;begin repeat until ta[1]t:a[1];for j: 2 to n do if a[j-1] a[j] then begin t:a[j-1];a[j-1]:a[j];a[j]:t;end endrep end Partition the design into subfunctions, and define a set of conditions
21.3. Using box structure specification, develop “first-pass” analysis and design models for the SafeHome system.
21.2. How do an incremental process model and certification work together to produce highquality software?
21.1. If you had to pick one aspect of cleanroom software engineering that makes it radically different from conventional or object-oriented software engineering approaches, what would it be?
The collection of used blocks will have no duplicate block numbers.
The collection of unused blocks will have no duplicate block numbers.
The collection of used blocks and blocks that are unused will be the total collection of blocks that make up files.
No elements of the queue will contain the same block numbers.
All the sets of blocks held in the queue will be subsets of the collection of currently used blocks.
No block will be marked as both unused and used.
20.18. What is the difference between load testing and stress testing?
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