A physician claims that lower back pain intensity scores will decrease after taking anti-inflammatory drugs. The table shows the lower back pain intensity scores for 12 patients before and after taking anti-inflammatory drugs for 8 weeks. At \(\alpha=0.05\), is there enough evidence to support the physician's claim?

(a) identify the claim and state \(H_{0}\) and \(H_{a}\),

(b) find the critical value,

(c) find the test statistic,

(d) decide whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis,

(e) interpret the decision in the context of the original claim.

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Patient 1 2 3 4 5 6 Intensity score (before) 71.0 42.1 79.1 57.5 64.0 60.4 Intensity score (after) 60.1 23.4 86.2 62.1 44.2 49.7 Patient 7 8 9 10 11 12 Intensity score (before) 68.3 95.2 48.1 78.6 65.4 59.9 Intensity score (after) 58.3 72.6 51.8 82.5 63.2 47.9