For each claim, state H₀ and H_a in words and in symbols. Then determine whether the hypothesis test is a left-tailed test, right-tailed test, or two-tailed test. Sketch a normal sampling distribution and shade the area for the P@value.

1. A school publicizes that the proportion of its students who are involved in at least one extracurricular activity is 61%.

2. A car dealership announces that the mean time for an oil change is less than 15 minutes.

3. A company advertises that the mean life of its furnaces is more than 18 years.