Question: The wall shear stress in a fully developed flow portion of a 12 -in.-diameter pipe carrying water is (1.85 mathrm{lb} / mathrm{ft}^{2}). Determine the pressure

The wall shear stress in a fully developed flow portion of a 12 -in.-diameter pipe carrying water is $1.85 \mathrm{lb} / \mathrm{ft}^{2}$. Determine the pressure gradient, $\partial p / \partial x$, where $x$ is in the flow direction, if the pipe is

(a) horizontal,

(b) vertical with flow up,

(c) vertical with flow down.

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